Pr数对环形浅液池热毛细对流的影响

为了解流体普朗特数(Pr)对热毛细对流的影响,通过线性稳定性分析,确定了环形浅液池内硅熔体(Pr＝0.011)和几种硅油(Pr数从6.7至57.9)热毛细对流失稳的临界条件,获得了它们在临界条件下的热流体波,特别是高Pr数硅油的热流体波.结果发现:当Pr≤15.9时,临界Ma数随Pr数的增加迅速上升,此时环形池内只有一...     

轴向磁场对分离结晶熔体中热毛细对流的影响

为了了解磁场对分离结晶过程中熔体内热毛细对流的影响,利用有限差分法进行了数值模拟.假定熔体为不可压缩流体,熔体深径比为1,自由表面无因次宽度为0.1,研究了哈特曼数分别为0、25,50和75时的碲锌镉晶体生长过程.结果表明:轴向磁场能够抑制熔体内部的流动,并随磁场强度的增加,抑制作用增强.     

工质及材料对基于AMTEC多孔芯蒸发器性能的影响

以基于AMTEC的碟式太阳能热发电系统的毛细抽吸两相回路多孔芯蒸发器为对象,建立轴对称恒温相变模型,研究了分别以钠、钾、钠钾合金为工质时的毛细多孔芯及液体通道内压力、速度和温度分布,以及多孔芯材料分别为高温陶瓷、不锈钢、镍时的蒸发器内热质传输特性。结果表明,以钠钾合金为工质的多孔芯内表面温度要明显低于钠和钾;以高温陶瓷为多孔芯材料时,多孔芯内表面温度最低,使用镍为多孔芯材料时,内表面温度最高。     

Effect of vertical heat transfer on thermocapillary convection in an open shallow rectangular cavity

In order to understand the effect of the vertical heat transfer on thermocapillary convection characteristics in a differentially heated open shallow rectangular cavity, a series of two- and three-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out by means of the finite volume method. The cavity was filled with the 1cSt silicone oil (Prandtl number Pr = 13.9) and the aspect ratio ranged from 12 to 30. Results show that thermocapillary convection is stable at a small Marangoni number. With the increase of the heat flux on the bottom surface, thermocapillary convection transits to the asymmetrical bi-cellular pattern with the opposite rotation direction. The roll near the hot wall shrinks as the Marangoni number increases. At a large Marangoni number, numerical simulations predict two types of the oscillatory thermocapillary flow. One is the hydrothermal wave, which is dominant only in a thin cavity. The other appears in a deeper cavity and is characterized by oscillating multi-cellular flow. The critical Marangoni number for the onset of the oscillatory flow increases first and then decreases with the increase of the vertical heat flux. The three-dimensional numerical simulation can predict the propagating direction of the hydrothermal wave. The velocity and temperature fields obtained by three-dimensional simulation in the meridian plane are very close to those obtained by two-dimensional simulation.     

分离结晶过程中熔体热毛细对流的转变

为了了解微重力条件下新型分离结晶生长过程中熔体热毛细对流的基本特征,利用有限差分法进行了数值模拟,熔体深径比A取1和2,自由界面无因次宽度B分别取0.05、0.075和0.1.当熔体上表面为自由表面时,得到了分离结晶Bridgman生长过程中熔体热毛细对流的流函数和温度分布.计算结果表明:当Ma数较小时,在上下两个自由表面的表面张力的驱动下,熔体内部产生了两个流动方向相反的流胞,流动为稳态流动,随着Ma数的增加,上下自由表面速度增大,温度分布的非线性增加;当Ma数超过某一临界值后,流动将转化为非稳态流动;与熔体上表面为固壁时相比,A=1时的临界Ma数减小,而A=2时的临界Ma数增大;流动失稳的物理机制是流速的变化和阻力的变化之间存在滞后.     

Co3O4/CeO2异质结制备及其在碱性介质中电催化析氧性能

通过简易的两步法制备一系列Co_3O_4/CeO_2异质结。其结构、形貌和微结构分别通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)表征。在碱性介质中,其电催化析氧性能随着Co_3O_4/CeO_2质量比的变化而变化,并有一最佳值。当Co_3O_4和CeO_2质量比为58.5%时,在1.0 mol·L~(-1)KOH溶液中,10 mA·cm~(-2)的电流密度下,过电位为347 mV,Tafel斜率为72.7mV·dec~(-1),并且稳定性良好。此时的过电位低于Co_3O_4(440 mV)、商用RuO_2(359 mV)和CeO_2(570 mV)。X射线光电子能谱(XPS)显示Co_3O_4的部分电子向CeO_2转移。这导致复合材料的导电性提高,CeO_2表面的氧空位浓度和活性氧物种增加。     

CdZnTe晶体分离结晶稳定性分析

为了探求分离结晶技术中晶体稳定生长的控制条件,本文根据里亚普诺夫稳定性理论利用数值方法对CdZnTe晶体在地面条件下不同结晶工况进行了结晶界面形状的计算和相应的稳定性分析.结果表明,当结晶时的生长角和接触角之和小于180°时,分离结晶过程是不稳定的;当生长角和接触角之和大于180°且冷热端存在很小的负压差时,分离结晶过程是稳定的.     

深径比对邱克拉斯基结构内旋转驱动流动的影响

为了了解深径比对邱克拉斯基(Czochralski)结构内旋转驱动流动的影响,利用有限容积法进行了三维非稳态数值模拟。结果表明:随着液池深径比的增加,流动逐渐加强,当旋转速度超过某一临界值后,流动转变为三维非稳态振荡流动。随着液池深径比的增加,速度波振荡幅度增大,速度波波数和周向传播方向都随之改变;浅液池内坩埚旋转作用占主导地位,速度波传播方向与坩埚旋转方向相同,深液池内晶体旋转大于坩埚旋转对流动的影响,速度波传播方向和晶体旋转方向相同。     

CuInS_2/ZnS量子点的微波水热合成与表征——推荐一个研究型综合实验

介绍一个研究型综合实验——简易微波水热合成CuInS_2/ZnS复合量子点及其表征。实验通过Cu~(2+)、In~(3+)、Zn~(2+)和S~(2-)离子为原料,以谷胱甘肽作为稳定剂,两步微波水热合成水溶性的CuInS_2/ZnS复合量子点。用X射线衍射法和透射电镜表征它的结构和形貌,用紫外-可见光吸收、荧光光谱、荧光寿命和荧光照片等表征光学性质,并探究温度、时间、成份对荧光性质的影响。通过该实验的设计与实施培养学生科学研究的方法和思维能力。     

Steady thermocapillary-buoyant convection in a shallow annular pool. Part 1: Single layer fluid

This paper examines the steady thermocapillarybuoyant convection in a shallow annular pool subjected to a radial temperature gradient. A matched asymptotic theory is used to obtain the asymptotic solutions of the flow and thermal fields in the case of small aspect ratios,which is defined as the ratio of the layer thickness to the gap width. The flow domain is divided into the core region away from the cylinder walls and two end regions near each cylinder wall. Asymptotic solutions are obtained in the core region by solving the core and end flows separately and then joining them through matched asymptotic expansions. For the system of silicon melt,the asymptotic solutions are compared with the results of numerical simulations. It is found that the two kinds of solutions have a good agreement in the core region for a small aspect ratio. With the increase of aspect ratio,the applicability of the present asymptotic solutions decreases gradually.