Steady thermocapillary-buoyant convection in a shallow annular pool. Part 2: Two immiscible fluids

This work is devoted to the study of steady thermocapillary-buoyant convection in a system of two horizontal superimposed immiscible liquid layers filling a lateral heated thin annular pool.The governing equations are solved using an asymptotic theory for the aspect ratios ε→ 0.Asymptotic solutions of the velocity and temperature fields are obtained in the core region away from the cylinder walls.In order to validate the asymptotic solutions,numerical simulations are also carried out and the results are compared to each other.It is found that the present asymptotic solutions are valid in most of the core region.And the applicability of the obtained asymptotic solutions decreases with the increase of the aspect ratio and the thickness ratio of the two layers.For a system of gallium arsenide (lower layer) and boron oxide (upper layer),the buoyancy slightly weakens the thermocapillary convection in the upper layer and strengthens it in the lower layer.     

环形浅液池内热毛细对流的渐近解

为了了解微重力下水平温度梯度作用时环形浅液池内的热毛细对流特征,采用渐近线方法求得了环形浅液池内热毛细对流的近似解析解,得到了主流区速度场和温度场的表达式,并与数值模拟结果进行了比较,两者基本吻合.     

Cz结构浅池内硅熔体热对流的分岔特性

为了了解水平温度梯度作用时Czochralski结构浅池内硅熔体热对流的分岔特性,利用有限差分法进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,坩埚外壁被加热,液池深度为3 mm.模拟结果表明,当逐渐增加温差时,会发生两次流型转变,第一次由二维轴对称流动转变为三维稳态流动,第二次由三维稳态流动转变为热流体波,其可能沿顺时针方向旋转、也可能沿逆时针方向旋转,同时,第二次转变存在分岔现象.     

环形液层内热毛细对流的线性稳定性分析

为了了解液层深度对热毛细对流不稳定性的影响,利用线性稳定性理论分析了内径为20 mm、外径为40 mm、深度为1～20 mm的环形液层内硅油(Pr=6.7)的热毛细对流,重点考察了发生热流体波的临界温差及热流体波的临界周向波数,结果表明,临界温差随液层深度的增加而降低.讨论了浮力对热流体波及其临界条件的影响,并证实了常重力条件下当液层厚度大于5 mm时,热流体波呈静止状态这一现象.     

有风环境下太阳能吸热器混合对流热损失特性

采用三维数值模拟方法研究了太阳能吸热器在有风环境下的混合对流热损失特性,得到了吸热器腔体内部的温度分布和采光口截面的速度分布以及对流热损失大小与倾角、风向的关系曲线。结果表明,与无风环境下太阳能吸热器对流热损失随倾角增加而单调减小的规律不同,有风环境下,太阳能吸热器混合对流热损失同时受到环境风和倾角的共同影响,且规律较为复杂。当风向背对采光口时,吸热器混合对流热损失在不同倾角下随风向的变化较小,但当风向正对采光口时,吸热器混合对流热损失随风向的变化较为剧烈,受到倾角的影响也较为显著。     

PELGE nanoparticles as new carriers for the delivery of plasmid DNA

Biodegradable monomethoxy(polyethyleneglycol)-poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-monomethoxy(poly-ethyleneglycol) (PELGE) copolymers were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization to formulate plasmid DNA loaded nanoparticles. A double emulsion method with polyvinyl alcohol as the emulsifier in the external aqueous phase was employed to prepare nanoparticles. The effects of monomethoxypoly(ethyleneglycol) (mPEG) segments in the polymer on particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro release were investigated. It was found that the introduction of a certain amount of hydrophilic mPEG segments in the copolymer chains could improve the affinity of copolymer with plasmid DNA and enhance the emulsification ability of the copolymer. Thus DNA loaded nanoparticles with smaller particle sizes and higher encapsulation efficiencies were obtained by using PELGE copolymer as the matrix.     

勾形磁场对分离结晶法制备CdZnTe晶体的影响

为了了解勾形磁场对CdZnTe晶体生长质量的影响,利用有限元法对坩埚内的热量和动量传递过程进行了全局数值模拟。假定熔体和气相中的流动都为准稳态轴对称层流,研究了B_o(磁场轴线与晶体-坩埚界面的交点的磁场强度的轴向分量)为0 T,0.5 T,1.0 T,1.5 T,2.0 T,2.5 T,3.0 T时的CdZnTe晶体生长过程。结果表明:勾形磁场能有效抑制熔体内的流动,会产生由洛仑兹力、表面张力和浮力共同驱动的涡胞。随着磁场强度的增加,传热向导热型转变,熔体内最大流函数逐渐减小,抑制作用增强。     

新型分离结晶法的三维数值模拟研究

本文借助三维数值模拟的方法,对微重力条件下新型分离结晶Bridgman生长过程中熔体内部的热毛细对流进行模拟计算。结果表明:(1)Ma数较小时,流动为稳态流动;当Ma数超过一定数值后,流动发展为非稳态热毛细对流。(2)狭缝宽度越大,流动越容易失稳。(3)随着高径比的增大,狭缝处流胞的流动范围增大。     

Soret效应对具有自由表面的圆柱形浅池内双组分溶液热对流影响的实验研究

为了探究Soret效应对具有自由表面的圆柱形浅液池内双组分溶液热对流过程的影响, 通过实验观察了质量分数为50%的正癸烷/正己烷混合溶液在不同深宽比的液池内流动失稳后的自由表面耗散结构及液池内的温度波动. 结果表明, 双组分溶液流动失稳的临界热毛细Reynolds数小于纯工质的值, 且其随液层深宽比的变化规律与纯工质相同. 当深宽比小于0.0848时, 流动失稳后在自由表面观察到热流体波, 监测点处温度波动主频随热毛细Reynolds数增大而增加; 当深宽比大于0.0848时, 随热毛细Reynolds数的增大, 流动失稳后自由表面依次呈现轮辐状、花苞状、分离-合并-分离交替变化的条纹状结构.     

液封液桥内振荡热毛细对流的三维数值模拟

为了了解微重力下液封液桥内热毛细对流的基本特性,利用有限差分法进行了非稳态三维数值模拟,液桥高为(1-3)mm,直径为2mm和3 mm,液封外直径为(4-7)mm。模拟结果表明,当Marangoni数较小时,液封液桥内的热毛细对流为稳定的轴对称运动,当Marangoni数超过某一临界值后,流动将转化为三维振荡流动;为此,确定了发生振荡的临界Marangoni数,分析了各种条件下热毛细对流的振荡特性,计算了相应的振荡频率。