全文获取类型
收费全文 | 14531篇 |
免费 | 2391篇 |
国内免费 | 1870篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 10710篇 |
晶体学 | 175篇 |
力学 | 814篇 |
综合类 | 138篇 |
数学 | 1825篇 |
物理学 | 5130篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 48篇 |
2023年 | 315篇 |
2022年 | 513篇 |
2021年 | 499篇 |
2020年 | 592篇 |
2019年 | 589篇 |
2018年 | 471篇 |
2017年 | 382篇 |
2016年 | 678篇 |
2015年 | 658篇 |
2014年 | 844篇 |
2013年 | 1076篇 |
2012年 | 1277篇 |
2011年 | 1264篇 |
2010年 | 922篇 |
2009年 | 782篇 |
2008年 | 898篇 |
2007年 | 862篇 |
2006年 | 785篇 |
2005年 | 717篇 |
2004年 | 523篇 |
2003年 | 471篇 |
2002年 | 497篇 |
2001年 | 434篇 |
2000年 | 304篇 |
1999年 | 298篇 |
1998年 | 269篇 |
1997年 | 238篇 |
1996年 | 253篇 |
1995年 | 210篇 |
1994年 | 197篇 |
1993年 | 167篇 |
1992年 | 137篇 |
1991年 | 126篇 |
1990年 | 89篇 |
1989年 | 94篇 |
1988年 | 64篇 |
1987年 | 42篇 |
1986年 | 33篇 |
1985年 | 45篇 |
1984年 | 44篇 |
1983年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1957年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
951.
By utilizing adsorption phase synthesis (APS), Au nanoparticles were prepared on the surface of SiO2 with or without modification by Ni(OH)2. TEM, XRD, and UV‐vis were employed to characterize the morphology of Au particles on the surface of two kinds of supports. The results showed that the average size of Au particles on the SiO2 surface modified by Ni(OH)2 was less than 5 nm. Due to high surface isoelectric point, Au particles formed in the adsorption layer were prone to distribute on the surface of SiO2 modified by Ni(OH)2. With content of Ni(OH)2 in samples increasing, more Au particles with small size appeared on the support surface. 相似文献
952.
953.
A magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB, φ 500mm x 2100mm) was designed to study dust removal from flue gas. Based on the mechanism of dust removal in a fixed bed, the effects on collection efficiency of magnetic field intensity, ratio of flue gas velocity to minimum fluidization velocity, bed height, and particle average diameter, were investigated. Then feasible methods for MSFB to better remove dust were proposed. Over 95% of dust removal with MSFB can be achieved, when stable fluidization is maintained and when magnetic particles are frequently renewed. 相似文献
954.
The purpose of this paper is to characterize the pointwise rate of convergence for the combinations of Szász-Mirakjan operators using Ditzian-Totik modulus of smoothness. 相似文献
955.
This work is concerned with anti-synchronization of Liu system and Lorenz system. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, different
controllers are designed to anti-synchronize the two non-identical chaotic systems, active control is used when parameters
are known, while the adaptive control law and the parameter update rule are derived via adaptive control when parameters are
uncertain. Moreover, the convergence speeds of the scheme can be adjusted by changing the control coefficients. Finally, numerical
simulations are also shown to verify the results. 相似文献
956.
The extraordinarily rapid growth of malignant tumors depends heavily on the glucose metabolism by the pathways of glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to generate adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) for maintaining cell proliferation and tumor growth. This study reports a tumor chemical suffocation therapeutic strategy by concurrently suppressing both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) via the co-deliveries of EDTA and rotenone into a glutathione (GSH)-overexpressed tumor microenvironment. EDTA is to block the glycolytic pathway through inhibiting the activity of glycolytic enzymes via the chelation of magnesium ion, a co-worker of glycolytic enzymes, despite the presence of Ca2+. Meanwhile rotenone is to inhibit the mitochondrial OXPHOS. This work provides a novel tumor suffocation strategy by the co-deliveries of glucose metabolism inhibitors, especially by de-functioning glycolytic enzymes via eliminating their co-worker magnesium.The EDTA- and Rotenone-loaded MPER nanoparticles have been synthesized to suffocate tumor cells to death through inhibiting glycolytic process and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation simultaneously in vitro and in vivo. 相似文献
957.
Jia Rong Li Li Jun Zhang Xi Quan Yang Qing Li Dong Wang Chun Xia Wang Da Xin Shi Qi Zhang 《中国化学快报》2008,19(1)
Two different skeletons of heterocyclic compounds, quinoline and quinazolinone analogs could be obtained by a novel one-potsynthesis from substituted 3-amino-lH-benzo[f]chromene-2-carbonitrile derivatives and cyclohexanone in DMF in the catalyst ofanhydrous zinc chloride under reflux. A plausible mechanism was proposed. 相似文献
958.
Houjian Gong Guiying Xu Hui Ding Xiaofeng Shi Yebang Tan 《European Polymer Journal》2009,45(9):2540-2548
The block polyethers with various branch structure, such as TEPA[(PO)36(EO)100]7, TEPA[(PO)36(EO)100(PO)36]7, and TEPA[(PO)36(EO)100(PO)56]7 were synthesized. Moreover, the aggregation behavior was investigated via the measurements of equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension, and surface dilational viscoelasticity, in order to probe the effect of the block structure on the property of the branched block polyethers. The surface tension results show that the efficiency and effectiveness of the block polyethers to lower surface tension increase with the increase of the PO group numbers. The maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax) values and the minimum occupied area per molecule at the air/water interface (Amin) values of the branched block polyethers obtained from Gibbs adsorption equations increase and decrease with the increases of the PO group numbers, respectively. The dynamic parameters n and t* representing the diffusion speed of the polyether molecules from bulky solution to the subsurface and from the subsurface to the air/water surface are obtained according to the equation proposed by Rosen. The results show that the n values firstly increase and then decrease and t* values decrease with the increase of the polyether concentrations. The results of surface dilational viscoelasticity show that the dilational modulus of TEPA[(PO)36(EO)100(PO)56]7 is the largest among the three block copolymers at the low concentration (<1 mg L−1) but that of TEPA[(PO)36(EO)100]7 is the largest at the high concentration (>1 mg L−1). 相似文献
959.
A carbon monolith was synthesized via a polymerization–carbonization method, styrene and divinylbenzene being adopted as precursors and dodecanol as a porogen during polymerization. The resultant monolith had bimodal porous substructure, narrowly distributed nano skeleton pores and uniform textural pores or throughpores. The carbon monolith was directly used as an extracting fiber, taking place of the coated silica fibers in commercially available solid-phase microextraction device, for the extraction of phenols followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Under the studied conditions, the calibration curves were linear from 0.5 to 50 ng mL−1 for phenol, o-nitrophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and p-chlorophenol. The limits of detection were between 0.04 and 0.43 ng mL−1. The recoveries of the phenols spiked in real water samples at 10 ng mL−1 were between 85% and 98% with the relative standard deviations below 10%. Compared with the commercial coated ones (e.g. PDMS, CW/DVB and DVB/CAR/PDMS), the carbon monolith-based fiber had advantages of faster extraction equilibrium and higher extraction capacity due to the superior pore connectivity and pore openness resulting from its bimodal porous substructure. 相似文献
960.
D.A. Cardwell Y. Shi N. Hari Babu K. Iida 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2009,469(15-20):1146-1152
A practical processing route for the fabrication of LRE-Ba–Cu–O single grain superconductors has been developed at the University of Cambridge based on a generic, Mg-doped Nd-123 melt textured seed and suppression of the formation of the solid solution phase in air by enriching the precursors with higher Ba concentration. The processing of high performance Gd–Ba–Cu–O single grains using this processing route is described. The Mg-doped generic seed crystal has been used effectively to promote heterogeneous nucleation via a cold-seeding process. The Gd/Ba solid solution has been suppressed by enriching Gd–Ba–Cu–O precursor powders with two different Ba-rich compositions. This involved adding BaO2 and GdBa6Cu3Oy (Gd-163) (a novel Ba-rich second phase) to the precursor powders, respectively. The Gd-163 phase has been observed not only to suppress formation of the solid solution phase, but also to promote increased heterogeneous grain size. A detailed further study has been carried out with an initial aim of optimizing the BaO2 and Gd-163 phase content of the precursor composition to produce a single grain almost free of solid solution. Based on the optimized parameters, large single grain Gd–Ba–Cu–O superconductors have been fabricated in an air atmosphere and demonstrated to exhibit record trapped magnetic fields for this material melt processed in air in relatively small single grain samples. The trapped fields of samples produced in air atmosphere are at least comparable to those processed under reduced oxygen partial pressure. 相似文献