基于生物视觉center-surround机制的光团目标检测与跟踪

基于生物视觉的center-surround机制,提出一种用改进的LoG(Laplacian of Gaussian)算子检测光团目标的方法。首先明确了光团目标的成像模型,分析了LoG算子的性质及其响应,接着提出了归一化的LoG算子。理论上指出该算子可用于检测光团目标。仿真和实验证明：该算子可以用于检测图像中已知大小和未知大小的光团目标,并且实用性优于其他常规方法。结合Kalman滤波和粒子滤波,该算子还可以用于序列图像中单目标和刚体的跟踪。理论推导和实验结果表明,该方法是稳健和高效的。     

Theoretical analysis of the anisotropy of the magnetization of the Ho^3＋ ion in holmium iron garnet single crystals

The spontaneous magnetization of the Ho^3＋ ion in holmium iron garnet （HoIG） single crystals in the temperature range of 4.2-294K along the directions [111], [110], and [100] are calculated, taking into account the effects of six magnetically inequivalent sites occupied by the Ho^3＋ ions based on the quantum theory. The calculated results show that the magnetization of the Ho^3＋ ion in HoIG is obviously anisotropic. The theoretical results ave in agreement with those of experiments. A primary interpretation of the anisotropy of magnetization of the Ho^3＋ ion in HoIG is put forward.     

酯基取代的吲哚衍生物的红外和荧光光谱研究

Tryptophan derivatives have long been used as site-specific biological probes. 4-Cyanotryptophan emits in the visible region and is the smallest blue fluorescent amino acid probe for biological applications. Other indole or tryptophan analogs may emit at even longer wavelengths than 4-cyanotryptophan. We performed FTIR, UV-Vis, and steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy on six ester-derivatized indoles in different solvents. Methyl indole-4-carboxylate emits at 450 nm with a long fluorescence lifetime, and is a promising candidate for a fluorescent probe. The ester-derivatized indoles could be used as spectroscopic probes to study local protein environments. Our measurements provide a guide for choosing esterderivatized indoles to use in practice and data for computational modeling of the effect of substitution on the electronic transitions of indole.     

Versatile Nitro-Fluorophore as Highly Effective Sensor for Hypoxic Tumor Cells: Design, Imaging and Evaluation

Based on the characteristics of a nitro-group, which can be partially or totally reduced to an amino-group in hypoxic cells, two series of hypoxic sensors containing 7H-Benzimidazole [2,1-a]benz[de]isoquinolin-7-one cores with nitro groups in different positions were designed, synthesized and evaluated. The target compounds exhibited significantly different fluorescence characteristics (fluorescence enhancement or quenching). The strong fluorescences of some partially reduced compounds could be explained through the examination of their infrared spectra, which showed a restriction of the nitro-group vibration. These compounds exhibited significant hypoxic–oxic fluorescence differences not only in numerical values but also in their fluorescent imaging properties as reported for the first time.      

8—9.5 keV正电子致Ti的K壳层电离截面的实验研究

低能正电子碰撞原子内壳层电离截面的实验数据目前还很缺乏,从而影响了对近年来发展的各相关理论模型的检验,限制了慢正电子束流技术在诸多领域中的应用.本文采用慢正电子束流装置产生的8—9.5 keV正电子束碰撞纯厚Ti靶,利用硅漂移探测器(SDD)收集正电子碰撞Ti靶产生的X射线,同时采用高纯锗探测器在线获得与靶碰撞的入射正电子数,从而得到Ti的K壳层实验产额,并基于蒙特卡罗模拟程序PENELOPE获得模拟产额.将实验产额分别与内壳层电离截面数据库采用经典光学数据模型(ODM)和扭曲波玻恩近似理论模型(DWBA)的蒙特卡罗模拟产额进行对比,发现基于ODM理论模型的模拟产额与实验值有较大的偏差,基于DWBA理论模型的模拟产额与实验结果符合较好.根据实验产额和基于DWBA理论模型的模拟产额的比较结果,对蒙特卡罗模拟程序使用的DWBA理论模型数据库进行修正后再进行模拟和比较,从而得到可靠的8—9.5 keV正电子致Ti原子K壳层电离截面数据.     

具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的XY模型的量子相干性

研究了具有Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya(DM)相互作用的一维横场XY自旋链的量子相变和量子相干性.采用约旦-维格纳变换严格求解了哈密顿量,并描绘了体系的关联函数和相图,相图包含反铁磁相、顺磁相和螺旋相.利用相对熵和Jensen-Shannon熵讨论了XY模型的量子相干性.研究发现,相对熵与Jensen-Shannon熵所表现的行为都可以很好地表征该模型的量子相变.非螺旋相中量子相干性不依赖DM相互作用,而在螺旋相DM相互作用对量子相干性有显著影响.此外,指出了在带有DM相互作用的这一类反射对称破缺体系中关联函数计算的常见问题.     

超导纳米线单光子探测器件的制备

超导纳米线单光子探测器件(SNSPD)是超导单光子探测系统的核心器件。文中介绍了成功制备的基于5nm厚的NbN超导超薄薄膜的SNSPD器件。器件核心结构为150nm宽的纳米曲折线结构,纳米线条占空比为75%,面积为20μm×20μm。超导纳米线是利用电子束曝光(EBL)技术和反应离子刻蚀(RIE)等工艺技术制备的。所制备的SNSPD样品,在温度3.5K下的临界电流约12.9μA;在1310nm波长光波辐照,12.5μA的偏置电流下,探测效率约0.016%。     

太阳能热泵热水系统循环水流量控制仿真

设计了一套新的太阳能热泵热水系统,介绍了该系统的工作原理和特点,分析表明,该系统既具有普通太阳能热泵的优点,又能够实现供暖、供冷、全年供应生活热水等多种功能。采用机理建模的方法建立了房间冷负荷、风机盘管、执行器、传感器和循环水系统的传递函数模型。设计了太阳能热泵热水系统的循环水系统PID控制、模糊控制和模糊自适应PID控制三种控制方案,并针对设计的三种控制方案对系统进行了控制仿真。结果表明,从调节时间、超调量和阶跃响应等几个方面综合考虑,由于模糊自适应PID控制能够在线调整控制系统的特性参数,随时适应系统的运行变化,在太阳能热泵热水系统的循环水系统运行控制上具有明显的优势。     

A study of optical properties of a four-level atomic system via vacuum-induced coherence effects

This paper studies the effects of vacuum-induced coherence(VIC) in a four-level atomic system.The effects of VIC lead to the coherent hole burnings exhibited in the system at some certain points of the Rabi frequency.This is also the reason for the enhancement of the coherent population trapping.In addition,optical bistability occurs in the evolution curves of absorption versus the phase of Rabi frequencies.     

磁场中多原子极性晶体中体极化子的基态能量

研究磁场中多原子极性晶体中体极化子的性质,采用线性组合算符法,分别导出强,弱耦合情形下体极化子的基态能量。