Vibrationally-assisted dissociative adsorption of oxygen on Ru(0 0 0 1)-p(2 × 1)-O

Supersonic molecular beam technique combined with high resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation was applied to the study of the dynamics of dissociative adsorption of oxygen on Ru(0 0 0 1) surface in high coverage region. The Ru(0 0 0 1) surface pre-covered with oxygen atoms of 0.5 monolayer, which corresponds to the p(2 × 1)-O structure, was dosed to oxygen molecules with translational energy of 0.5 eV. Oxygen uptake was compared between the cases with and without the beam source heated in order to verify the effects of internal energy of oxygen. We found drastic enhancement in initial sticking probability of oxygen when the beam source was heated to 1400 K. We concluded that the enhancement of sticking probability is mainly caused by molecular vibrational excitation, indicating that dissociation barrier is located in the exit channel on potential energy surface.     

Does decalcification alter the tissue sound speed of rabbit supraspinatus tendon insertion? In vitro measurement using scanning acoustic microscopy

Failure of the tendon or ligament insertions is one of the most common injuries in the Orthopaedic field. To elucidate the pathogenesis of those injuries, the authors had attempted to measure the tissue sound speed that could be correlated to its elasticity using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM). For the application of SAM to tendon or ligament insertions, it was necessary to determine the role of decalcification in SAM measurements since mineralized tissues including bone or mineralized fibrocartilage were present at the insertion site. To assess whether decalcification alters the tissue sound speed or not, supraspinatus tendon insertion of six Japanese white rabbits were measured with SAM operating in the frequency range of 50-150 MHz. Right supraspinatus tendons attached to the humeral head were cut into two pieces at the center of the tendon. Then, they were fixed with 10% neutralized formalin for 12 h. In each specimen, medial half was not decalcified, while lateral half was decalcified with ethylene-diamine-tetra-acetic acid (EDTA). After embedding in paraffin, 5 microm thick specimens were prepared for the measurement using SAM. The mean sound speed in each histologic zone was evaluated, and subsequently compared to that measured in the undecalcified and the decalcified specimens. Mean sound speed of non-mineralized fibrocartilage was 1544 m/s in the undecalcified specimens, while the value of 1541 m/s was determined in the decalcified ones. On the other hand, it decreased 2-3% after decalcification in the mineralized tissue including mineralized fibrocartilage and bone (mineralized fibrocartilage: undecalcified = 1648 m/s, decalcified = 1604 m/s; bone: undecalcified = 1716 m/s, decalcified = 1677 m/s). However, no significant differences were found between the undecalcified and the decalcified specimens (non-mineralized fibrocartilage: p = 0.84, mineralized fibrocartilage: p = 0.35, bone: p = 0.28). These results indicate that SAM could be applied to determine the properties of the tendon or the ligament insertions after decalcification with EDTA. Although SAM is applicable only for in vitro experimental study, it is expected that these data will contribute to better understanding concerning the biomechanics of tendon or ligament insertions as well as the pathogenesis of their failure at a microscopic level.     

Inflammation-induced synergetic enhancement of nanoparticle treatments with DOXIL<Superscript>®</Superscript> and <Superscript>90</Superscript>Y-Lactosome for orthotopic mammary tumor

Polymeric micelles (Lactosome) in the size of 20–30 nm were labeled with radionuclides of ¹¹¹In (¹¹¹In-DOTA-Lactosome) for SPECT imaging and ⁹⁰Y (⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome) for β-ray irradiation for mammary tumor in mice. The tumor site at the femoral right leg grafted with 4T1 cells was clearly imaged at 24 h after the intravenous injection. Biodistribution revealed that the half-life time of ¹¹¹In-DOTA-Lactosome was 11 h, which enabled the nanoparticle selectively accumulated in tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The anti-tumor therapeutic effect of ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome was observed depending on the dose frequency and amount. Under the condition of the percutaneous ethanol injection treatment, the therapeutic effect of ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome was enhanced due to the super EPR effect. Owing to the super EPR effect, co-administration of ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lactosome and DOXIL^® inhibited the tumor growth during 15 days with their administrations.     

Investigation of emission properties of Tm3＋：Y2O3 transparent ceramic

A transparent and emitting ceramic of Y 2 O 3 doped with 6% Tm 3+ ions is fabricated by vacuum sintering with ZrO 2 . Absorption, photoluminescence (PL), and PL excitation (PLE) spectra are investigated in a spectral range of 200 to 2 100 nm at various temperatures between 296 and 12 K. Intense emission band appears at 450 to 465 nm in the visible range. Near-infrared emission bands are observed at 1 200 to 1 300 nm and 1 400 to 1 550 nm, with intense peaks at 1 270, 1 450, and 1 523 nm. The luminescence mechanisms and potential applications of the emissions are discussed with the help of Judd-Ofelt theory and PLE spectra.     

Singularities of Hyperbolic Gauss Maps

In this paper we adopt the hyperboloid in Minkowski space asthe model of hyperbolic space. We define the hyperbolic Gaussmap and the hyperbolic Gauss indicatrix of a hypersurface inhyperbolic space. The hyperbolic Gauss map has been introducedby Ch. Epstein [J. Reine Angew. Math. 372 (1986) 96–135]in the Poincaré ball model, which is very useful forthe study of constant mean curvature surfaces. However, it isvery hard to perform the calculation because it has an intrinsicform. Here, we give an extrinsic definition and we study thesingularities. In the study of the singularities of the hyperbolicGauss map (indicatrix), we find that the hyperbolic Gauss indicatrixis much easier to calculate. We introduce the notion of hyperbolicGauss–Kronecker curvature whose zero sets correspond tothe singular set of the hyperbolic Gauss map (indicatrix). Wealso develop a local differential geometry of hypersurfacesconcerning their contact with hyperhorospheres. 2000 MathematicalSubject Classification: 53A25, 53A05, 58C27.     

GaAs/AlAs super-flat interfaces in GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/(GaAs) (AlAs) quantum wells grown on (4 1 1)A GaAs substrates by MBE

Effectively atomically flat GaAs/AlAs interfaces over a macroscopic area (“super-flat interfaces”) have been realized in GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/(GaAs) (AlAs) quantum wells (QWs) grown on (4 1 1)A GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A single and very sharp photoluminescence (PL) peak was observed at 4.2 K from each GaAs/AlAs or GaAs/(GaAs) (AlAs) QW grown on (4 1 1)A GaAs substrate. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of a PL peak for GaAs/AlAs QW with a well width ( ) of 4.2 nm was 4.7 meV and that for GaAs/(GaAs) (AlAs) QW with a smaller well width of 2.8 nm (3.9 nm) was 7.6 meV (4.6 meV), which are as narrow as that for an individual splitted peak for conventional GaAs/AlAs QWs grown on (1 0 0) GaAs substrates with growth interruption. Furthermore, only one sharp peak was observed for each GaAs/(GaAs) (AlAs) QW on the (4 1 1)A GaAs substrate over the whole area of the wafer (7 7 mm ), in contrast with two- or three-splitted peaks reported for each GaAs/AlAs QW grown on the (1 0 0) GaAs substrate with growth interruption. These results indicate that GaAs/AlAs super-flat interfaces have been realized in GaAs/AlAs and GaAs/(GaAs) (AlAs) QWs grown on the (4 1 1)A GaAs substrates.     

Specific heat of Ni(ClO4)26H2O between 2 and 17 K

A specific heat investigation of nickel perchlorate hexahydrate was performed between 2 and 17 K. Lattice vibration and magnetic contributions were separated. The lattice term obeys a Debye αT³ law, with $\text{α = 4.04 × 10}{}^{\mathrm{?3}}\text{J}\text{K}{}^4$ mol. The magnetic contribution comes from the splitting of the ground state triplet of the Ni²⁺ ions, by axial and rhombic crystal field distortions, which can be explained by a Schottky specific heat with D = 1.72 KandE = 0.06 K.     

Fiber-optic transceiver for optical time-domain reflectometers using an active fiber ring

A fiber-optic transceiver which is particularly suitable for long range optical time-domain reflectometers is proposed. An active fiber ring employed in the proposed configuration has both transmitter and receiver functions. The active fiber ring acts as a Q-switched pulse laser source in the transmitter whereas it acts as an optical preamplifier in the receiver. Experimental results on the reflection detection of several lengths of optical fibers have confirmed the operation principle of the proposed scheme.     

Crystal structures and Mössbauer spectra of spin-crossover iron(III) complexes of quinquedentate ligands

Magnetic properties, Mössbauer spectra and crystal structures of spin-crossover iron(III) complexes with a quinquedentate ligand [FeLX]BPh₄ are reported. X and L denote a unidentate ligand and a quinquedentate ligand, respectively. [Fe(mbpN)(im)]BPh₄ shows spin-crossover behavior in an appropriate organic solvent, and [Fe(mbpN)(lut)]BPh₄, [Fe(bpN)(py)]BPh₄ and [Fe(salten)X]BPh₄ (X=4me-py or 2me-im) show spin-crossover behavior in a solid and in an organic solvent. It was found that the ligand field strength of salten was stronger than that of mbpN. The rates of spin-state interexchange in the complexes are as fast as the inverse of the lifetime (1×10^–7 s) of the Mössbauer nuclear level. The Mössbauer spectroscopic behavior of [Fe(mbpN)(lut)]BPh₄ and [Fe(bpN)(py)]BPh₄ is different to that of [Fe(salten)X]BPh₄ (X=4me-py or 2me-im). The difference was ascribed to the different geometrical positions of the corresponding anions.