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11.
A new class of holography is proposed, in which (1) the evanescent part of a guided wave, or (2) the guided wave in a thin-film hologram is utilized as the reference wave and/or the illuminating one. The hologram was designated as “wave-guide hologram” and has advantages in the possibility of integration, wide field of view, and compactness and high reliability of the reconstructing system. The possibility of the waveguide hologram has been proved through reconstruction experiments with a guided wave of a waveguide hologram recorded with a plane reference wave. 相似文献
12.
The concept of MTF is introduced to analyze and describe consistently the hologram copying process, considering the original hologram as a volume hologram. The effect of the copying condition on the quality of the replica is expressed quantitatively in terms of the MTF. It turns out that holograms can be copied most successfully when the copying beam is oriented parallel to the original reference beam. The theoretical prediction is experimentally confirmed. 相似文献
13.
Direct demagnetization has been made for two-dimensional solid 3He in both the paramagnetic and the antiferromagnetic phases. The lowest temperature is about 10 microK, judging from the observed magnetization for the paramagnetic solid 3He. The magnetization of the antiferromagnetic solid 3He shows a gradual increase to about 10 microK for the 4/7 phase adsorbed on both one layer of 4He and two layers of HD preplated graphite. This strongly suggests that the triangular antiferromagnet with the higher order multiple exchange has a quantum spin liquid ground state with nearly zero or extremely small spin gap less than 10 microK. 相似文献
14.
Single puffs of cigarette smoke with a wide continuous range of volatility are directly analyzed using a new system. The system consists of a smoking machine, an online thermal desorption system (TDS), and a multidimensional gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (MDGC-MS) system. The online TDS with the smoking machine collects the single-puff cigarette smoke with glass beads as the cryogenic adsorbent. The MDGC is composed of three capillary columns, Poraplot Q, and DB-WAX for separation and a deactivated capillary column for pressure balance, which enables simultaneous separation of the two different phases. The smoke desorbed from the TDS is divided into vapor and semivolatile phases and analyzed individually with each column by the MDGC. Thus, the system enables the overall analysis of the two phases simultaneously, including acetaldehyde and 1,4-benzenediol. This system also provides more appropriate analysis for compounds crossing the two phases such as toluene and pyridine. For the approach of introducing internal standards, a gas mixture of toluene-d(8) and o-xylene-d(10) is applied and the compounds are detected in the vapor and semivolatile phases, respectively. 相似文献
15.
Stephen J. Coales Steven J. Tuske Justine C. Tomasso Yoshitomo Hamuro 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2009,23(5):639-647
The epitope of horse cytochrome c against monoclonal antibody E8 was determined using amide hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange combined with immobilized antibody, on‐line pepsin proteolysis, liquid chromatography (LC), and mass spectrometry (MS). The results were generally in good agreement with contact residues identified by an X‐ray co‐crystal structure of the E8–cytochrome c complex and results obtained by H/D exchange with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. The H/D exchange reaction of cytochrome c was carried out in the presence or absence of immobilized E8 antibody. Regions that gained less deuterium in the presence of the antibody than in its absence are defined as the epitope by the H/D exchange MS method. Control experiments were carefully designed to help identify the epitope with high confidence. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
Lau RK Ménard M Okawachi Y Foster MA Turner-Foster AC Salem R Lipson M Gaeta AL 《Optics letters》2011,36(7):1263-1265
We report the first demonstration of cw wavelength conversion from the telecommunications band to the mid-IR (MIR) region via four-wave mixing in silicon nanowaveguides. We measure a parametric bandwidth of 748 nm by converting a 1636 nm signal to produce a 2384 nm idler and show continuously tunable wavelength conversion from 1792 to 2116 nm. This report indicates that the advantages of silicon photonics may be leveraged to create devices for a large range of MIR applications that require cw operation. 相似文献
17.
K. Endo S. Koizumi T. Otsuka M. Suhara T. Morohasi E. Z. Kurmaev D. P. Chong 《Journal of computational chemistry》2001,22(1):102-108
X‐ray photoelectron and emission spectra (XPS and XES) of diamond and graphite have been analyzed by deMon density‐functional theory (DFT) calculations using the model adamantane derivative (C10H12(CH3)4) and pyrene (C16H10) molecules, respectively. The theoretical valence photoelectron and C Kα X‐ray emission spectra for the allotrope are in good accordance with the experimental ones. The combined analysis of the valence XPS and C Kα XES enables us to divide the valence electronic distribution into the individual contributions for pσ‐, and pπ‐bonding MOs of the diamond and graphite, respectively. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 102–108, 2001 相似文献
18.
Optical Review - In the development of electronic holographic displays with a wide field of view, one issue is the realization of 1-μm-pitch spatial light modulators (SLMs) using liquid... 相似文献
19.
Kamagata K Kawaguchi T Iwahashi Y Baba A Fujimoto K Komatsuzaki T Sambongi Y Goto Y Takahashi S 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2012,134(28):11525-11532
A method was developed to detect fluorescence intensity signals from single molecules diffusing freely in a capillary cell. A unique optical system based on a spherical mirror was designed to enable quantitative detection of the fluorescence intensity. Furthermore, "flow-and-stop" control of the sample can extend the observation time of single molecules to several seconds, which is more than 1000 times longer than the observation time available using a typical confocal method. We used this method to scrutinize the fluorescence time series of the labeled cytochrome c in the unfolded state. Time series analyses of the trajectories based on local equilibrium state analysis revealed dynamically differing substates on a millisecond time scale. This system presents a new avenue for experimental characterization of the protein-folding energy landscape. 相似文献
20.
Liu T Pantazatos D Li S Hamuro Y Hilser VJ Woods VL 《Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry》2012,23(1):43-56
Peptide amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (DXMS) data are often used to qualitatively support models for
protein structure. We have developed and validated a method (DXCOREX) by which exchange data can be used to quantitatively
assess the accuracy of three-dimensional (3-D) models of protein structure. The method utilizes the COREX algorithm to predict
a protein’s amide hydrogen exchange rates by reference to a hypothesized structure, and these values are used to generate
a virtual data set (deuteron incorporation per peptide) that can be quantitatively compared with the deuteration level of
the peptide probes measured by hydrogen exchange experimentation. The accuracy of DXCOREX was established in studies performed
with 13 proteins for which both high-resolution structures and experimental data were available. The DXCOREX-calculated and
experimental data for each protein was highly correlated. We then employed correlation analysis of DXCOREX-calculated versus
DXMS experimental data to assess the accuracy of a recently proposed structural model for the catalytic domain of a Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2. The model’s calculated exchange behavior was highly correlated with the experimental exchange results available for the
protein, supporting the accuracy of the proposed model. This method of analysis will substantially increase the precision
with which experimental hydrogen exchange data can help decipher challenging questions regarding protein structure and dynamics. 相似文献