Phonon dispersion of monolayer graphite on Pt(111) and NbC surfaces: bond softening and interface structures

The phonon dispersion relations of monolayer graphite on Pt(111), NbC(111) and NbC(001) were measured by electron energy loss spectroscopy. The monolayer graphite on Ni surfaces has been reported to show large softening, while that on Pt(111) was found to indicate little softening and rather resembled pristine graphite. Similarly, the monolayer graphite on NbC(111) indicated fairly large softening but that on NbC(001) did not. This difference is discussed in relation with the interface structure.     

Bicriteria Optimization Problem of Designing an Index Fund

This paper is concerned with a traditional asset allocation of the Markowitz type and develops an efficient algorithm to design an index fund that is a compromise solution to the bicriteria optimization problem. A numerical example is provided to illustrate our algorithm.     

Distribution model for the intact urokinase and urokinases modified by soluble macromolecules in rat and mouse bodies

The activity of intact urokinase (UK) and urokinases modified by soluble macromolecules (dextran and dextran sulfate sodium) in a mouse body was traced after injection of the 125I-labelled enzymes. The residual fraction of the enzyme in blood can be correlated with the time (t) as follows; Xb = Ae-at + Be-bt + Ce-ct Since a greater than b greater than c, the residual fraction of the enzyme in blood chiefly depends on the magnitude of parameter C. The constant C for modified urokinase was larger than that for urokinase, showing the relative residual in blood was increased by modification of the enzyme. The apparent utilization in 50 min was 13.8% for intact UK, 28.1% for the dextran-UK and 25.2% for the sulfate dextran-UK. Therefore, the apparent utilization of UK in blood was approximately doubled by the modification. Since the half-lives of UK and modified UK in kidney and liver were not long, there were no unacceptable accumulation of the enzymes.     

Salt-catalyzed addition reaction of monoepoxides with philosamia cynthia ricini and bombyx mori silk fibroins

The heterogeneous addition reaction of various monoepoxides with silk fibroins of Philosamia cynthia ricini and Bombyx mori was investigated at 45–75°C by use of aqueous solutions of various salts as padding catalysts. The effects of salt on the epoxide–silk fibroin reactions were attributed mainly to the nucleophilicity of the anions and also to the acidity or the electronegativity of the cations. The effect of the substituent of the epoxide on the add-ons was elucidated by the modified Taft equation, (log W ? log W₀)/σ* = ρ_p + ρ_sE_s/σ*, where W₀ and W are the add-ons for the reaction of a given compound and of its substituted derivatives, σ* and E_s are the polar and the steric substituent constants, ρ_p and ρ_s are the polar and the steric reaction constants, respectively. Histidine, lysine, arginine, tyrosine, serine, and acidic amino acids were found to react. The reactivity difference between Philosamia cynthia ricini and Bombyx mori fibroins towards the epoxide was discussed in the light of the observed phenomena.