Sound modes in holographic hydrodynamics for charged AdS black hole

In the previous paper we studied the transport coefficients of quark–gluon plasma in finite temperature and finite density in vector and tensor modes. In this paper, we extend it to the scalar modes. We work out the decoupling problem and hydrodynamic analysis for the sound mode in charged AdS black hole and calculate the sound velocity, the charge susceptibility and the electrical conductivity. We find that Einstein relation among the conductivity, the diffusion constant and the susceptibility holds exactly.     

Comparison of accuracy of intravoxel incoherent motion and apparent diffusion coefficient techniques for predicting malignancy of head and neck tumors using half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo diffusion-weighted imaging

Purpose

To evaluate the use of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) technique in half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and to compare its accuracy to that of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to predict malignancy in head and neck tumors.

Patients and methods

HASTE DW images of 33 patients with head and neck tumors (10 benign and 23 malignant) were evaluated. Using the IVIM technique, parameters (D, true diffusion coefficient; f, perfusion fraction; D*, pseudodiffusion coefficient) were calculated for each tumor. ADC values were measured over a range of b values from 0 to 1000 s/mm². IVIM parameters and ADC values in benign and malignant tumors were compared using Student's t test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, and multivariate logistic regression modeling.

Results

Mean ADC and D values of malignant tumors were significantly lower than those of benign tumors (P < 0.05). Mean D* values of malignant tumors were significantly higher than those of benign tumors (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean f values between malignant and benign tumors (P > 0.05). The technique of combining D and D* was the best for predicting malignancy; accuracy for this model was higher than that for ADC.

Conclusions

The IVIM technique may be applied in HASTE DWI as a diagnostic tool to predict malignancy in head and neck masses. The use of D and D* in combination increases the diagnostic accuracy in comparison with ADC.     

Investigation of the center intensity of first- and second-order Laguerre-Gaussian beams with linear and circular polarization

The vectorial Debye integral shows that tightly focused Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams have a residual intensity at the focal point for linear polarization, for a topological charge of m=1 and 2. We measured the shapes of linearly and circularly polarized LG beams and found that a central intensity appeared at m=1 and 2 for linear and right-handed circular polarization, however, it is completely canceled for left-handed circular polarization. In general, when the orbital angular momentum of the LG beam is parallel to the spin angular momentum of the photons, zero intensity is always achieved at the focus.     

Pressure generation to 50 GPa in Kawai-type multianvil apparatus using newly developed tungsten carbide anvils

A pressure generation test for Kawai-type multianvil apparatus (KMA) has been made using second-stage anvils of a newly developed ultra-hard tungsten carbide composite. Superb performance of the new anvil with significantly less plastic deformation was confirmed as compared to those commonly used for the KMA experiments. A maximum pressure of ～48?GPa was achieved using the new anvils with a truncation edge length (TEL) of 1.5?mm, based on in situ X-ray diffraction measurements. Further optimization of materials and sizes of the pressure medium/gasket should lead to pressures even higher than 50?GPa in KMA using this novel tungsten carbide composite, which may also be used for expansion of the pressure ranges in other types of high pressure apparatus operated in large volume press.     

VLS Growth of ITO Whiskers Prepared by the Electron Shower Method

Indium tin oxide (ITO) whiskers were grown by VLS (vapour-liquid-solid) mechanism, using the electron shower method. The whiskers were grown above 200 °C, and the deposition rate was above 0.6 nm/s. The electron shower controlled the size of the whiskers, and the size was 30 nm in diameter and 600 nm in length. The whiskers grew along the substrate at t < 300 s, but grew in a direction perpendicular to the substrate at t > 300 s. When the ITO whiskers grown along the substrate were used as NO₂ gas sensor, the sensitivity was 340, and about 300 times higher than those of the whiskers grown in a direction perpendicular to the substrate and plate-like ITO crystallites.     

Essential Oils Derived from Cistus Species Activate Mitochondria by Inducing SIRT1 Expression in Human Keratinocytes,Leading to Senescence Inhibition

Cistus L. is a genus of dicotyledonous perennial herbaceous plants. Cistus species have been commonly used in folk medicine in the Mediterranean region. In the present study, the biological activities of essential oils derived from Cistus species (Cistus laurifolius, C. monspeliensis, C. creticus, and C. salviifolius) were evaluated. Essential oils derived from C. laurifolius and C. monspeliensis were found to augment the expression of SIRT1, an anti-aging gene, in the normal culture of HaCaT cells. Furthermore, these essential oils increased the number and size of mitochondria and augmented their activity. These effects were thought to be caused by the up- and downregulated expression of MITOL and Drp1 in HaCaT cells, respectively, in response to the essential oil treatment. In addition, these essential oils were found to attenuate ultraviolet-B-induced mitochondrial damage and cellular senescence in HaCaT cells. These findings indicate that essential oils derived from C. laurifolius and C. monspeliensis may inhibit skin aging through mitochondrial regulation via SIRT1 activation.     

Carbonylative Stille coupling reactions of benzyl chlorides with allyltributylstannane catalyzed by palladium nanoparticles

The carbonylative Stille coupling reaction of benzyl chlorides with allyltributylstannane was successfully conducted by using palladium nanoparticles as the catalyst under phosphine ligand-free conditions. The corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone products were obtained in good to excellent yields.     

Arithmetic functions and the Cauchy product

It is known that under the Dirichlet product, the set of arithmetic functions in several variables becomes a unique factorization domain. A. Zaharescu and M. Zaki proved an analog of the ABC conjecture in this ring and showed that there exists a non-trivial solution to the Fermat equation $$z^n=x^n+y^n$$ ($$nge 3$$). It is also known that under the Cauchy product, the set of arithmetic functions becomes a unique factorization domain. In this paper, we consider the ring of arithmetic functions in several variables under the Cauchy product and prove an analog of the ABC conjecture in this ring to show that there exists a non-trivial solution to the Fermat equation $$z^n=x^n+y^n$$ ($$nge 3$$).     

Photocyclization of 2-(naphth-1-yl)-3-(thien-2-yl)propenoic acid and the total assignment of the 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of the product

Photocyclization of the substituted 2-(naphth-1-yl)-3-(thien-2-yl)propenoic acid ( 3 ) in the presence of iodine and air in a benzene-cyclohexane mixture afforded a separable mixture of three compounds, phenanthro[2,1-b]thiophene-10-carboxylic acid ( 4 ), phenanthro[2,1-b]thiothene ( 5 ), and naphtho[1,8-cde]-thieno[3,2-g][2]benzopyran ( 6 )     

Development and validation of a repharsed phase- HPLC method for simultaneous determination of rosiglitazone and glimepiride in combined dosage forms and human plasma

Background  

Rosiglitazone (ROZ) and glimepiride (GLM) are antidiabetic agents used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A survey of the literature reveals that only one spectrophotometric method has been reported for the simultaneous determination of ROS and GLM in pharmaceutical preparations. However the reported method suffers from the low sensitivity, for this reason, our target was to develop a simple sensitive HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of ROZ and GLM in their combined dosage forms and plasma.