Association schemes of quadratic forms

A new class of association schemes attached to quadratic forms is obtained. In terms of a graph, those schemes are distance regular but generally not distance transitive.     

Contractible edges inn-connected graphs with minimum degree greater than or equal to [5n/4]

It is proved that ifG is ann-connected graph with minimum degree greater than or equal to [5n/4],n 4, thenG has an edgee such that the graph obtained fromG by contractinge is stilln-connected.Dedicated to Professor Nagayoshi Iwahori on his 60th birthday     

Characterization of inclusion complexation of various tetraalkylammonium chlorides with cucurbit[7]uril by external high-pressure studies

The inclusion constants of tetraalkylammonium salts (ASs) with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) were determined at high-pressures using methylene blue as a chemical indicator. CB[7] formed 1:1 inclusion complexes with ASs. We found a characteristic dependence of the alkyl chain substituents in ASs on the inclusion equilibrium, which was responsible for the formation of clathrate hydrates of the AS in bulk. Furthermore, we examined the effects of external high pressures on the CB[7] inclusion complexations of ASs having different alkyl chain lengths. Pressure dependence experiments allowed us to calculate the reaction volume (ΔV) upon inclusion; i.e., the volume change (ΔV_desolv) accompanying desolvation around the guest molecules and the volume change (ΔV_repel) caused by the water molecules repelled from the CB[7] cavity. The volumetric study for the inclusion of ASs with CB[7] showed that in the tetraheptylammonium ion, one arm (alkyl chain) was encapsulated in the CB[7] cavity, while in other ASs, two arms were located in the cavity. NMR measurements of the complexes and pressure-dependent studies provided unique information on the structures of the inclusion complexes of ASs with CB[7].     

Polar and Hydrogen-Bonding Effects of Alcohols on the Emission Spectrum of Styrene–Triethylamine System

The emission spectra of styrene (ST)–triethylamine (TEA) systems were measured under steady-state illumination conditions in some tetrahydrofuran (THF)–protic solvent mixtures. The fluorescence spectrum of the ST–TEA system in THF consists of two bands (band A at 304 nm (fluorescence of ST) and band B at 460 nm (emission from an exciplex)). The intensity of band A increased and that of band B decreased with increasing amounts of protic solvents in THF–protic solvent mixtures. The increase in the intensity of band A was explained by the decrease in the concentration of free amine owing to the hydrogen-bonding interaction (or protonation) between TEA and protic solvents. The decrease in the intensity of band B was considered to be caused by the decrease in the concentration of free amine upon the addition of protic solvents and the enhanced conversion of the exciplex to an ion pair with increasing solvent polarity. The polar effect was expressed as a function of the relative permittivity of the solution.     

Controlling the incorporation and release of C60 in nanometer-scale hollow spaces inside single-wall carbon nanohorns

We succeeded in large-scale preparation of single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNH) encapsulating C60 molecules in a liquid phase at room temperature using a "nano-precipitation" method, that is, complete evaporation of the toluene from a C60-SWNH-toluene mixture. The C60 molecules were found to occupy 6-36% of the hollow space inside the SWNH, depending on the initial quantity of C60. We showed that the C60 in C60@SWNHox was quickly released in toluene, and the release rate decreased by adding ethanol to toluene. Numerical analysis of the release profiles indicated that there were fast and slow release processes. We consider that the incorporation quantity and the release rate of C60 were controllable in/from SWNHs because SWNHs have large diameters, 2-5 nm.     

Preparation and properties of some water-soluble cobalt (III)–poly-4-vinylpyridine complexes

Water-soluble cobalt(III) chelates having a polymeric ligand such as cis-[Co(en)_2-PVPCl]Cl₂ and cis-[Co-(trien)PVPCl]Cl₂ (PVP = poly-4-vinylpyridine) were prepared by substitution reactions between cobalt(III) chelate and PVP in water–alcohol solution. PVP of different degrees of polymerization was used as the ligand in preparation of these complexes. The PVP complexes were identified and their properties ascertained by microanalysis and by a study of the infrared, ultraviolet, visible, and PMR spectra. Most of the characteristic properties of these complexes may be ascribed to the polymeric structure of the PVP ligand.     

Determination of ng ml-1 levels of phosphorus in waters by diisobutyl ketone extraction and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry

Reduced molybdoantimonylphosphoric acid is extracted into diisobutyl ketone (DIBK) and phosphorus in the extract determined by i.c.p. emission spectrometry at the P I 214.91-nm line. The Mo II 213.61 nm line interfered with the P I 213.62-nm line. The method is applied to 0.2–200 μg of phosphorus in 500 ml of river or sea water. Arsenic(III), Si, Ge, Fe(III) and most anions do not interfere, but As(V) >10 × P) causes positive errors. The detection limit is 0.37 ng P ml^-1, and the relative standard deviation for 5 μg of phosphorus is 2.1%.     

Complexation of 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene with various kinds of cyclodextrins: Effects of cyclodextrins on the thermal cis‐to‐trans isomerization

On the basis of the change in electronic and induced circular dichroism spectra for complex formation, the complexation of 4‐dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAAB) with four kinds of cyclodextrins (α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin (CD), heptakis(2,6‐di‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin, and heptakis(2,3,6‐tri‐O‐methyl)‐β‐cyclodextrin) was studied in methanol–water and dimethyl sulfoxide–water mixtures. It was found that the trans and cis isomers of DAAB form two different types of complex (inclusion and lid type) with CDs, depending on the kinds of CDs and solvents. Further, we have examined the effect of CDs on the thermal cis‐to‐trans isomerization of DAAB. The accelerated or decelerated effect on the thermal isomerization was observed upon adding CDs. The effects of CDs on the thermal isomerization are discussed in connection with the complexation of the cis‐isomer of DAAB with CDs. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 481–487, 2002     

Bioavailable acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase inhibitor with anti-peroxidative activity: synthesis and biological activity of novel indolinyl amide and urea derivatives

We synthesized a series of indoline derivatives with an amide or urea moiety and examined their inhibitory effects on acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity, lipid-peroxidation and serum cholesterol levels in experimental animals. Among the derivatives synthesized, a series of N-(1-alkyl-4,6-dimethylindolin-7-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanamides++ + potently inhibited rabbit intestinal ACAT activity and lipid-peroxidation of rat brain homogenate. The effect on ACAT activity was related to the length of the alkyl chain at the 1-position of indoline. N-(4,6-Dimethyl-1-octylindolindolin-7-yl)-2,2-dimethylpropanami de hydrochloride (55) showed inhibitory effects on intestinal and hepatic ACAT activity slightly weaker than those of YM-750, and an inhibitory effect on low density lipoprotein (LDL)-peroxidation similar to that of probucol. Compound 55 also reduced serum cholesterol at 10 mg/kg/d in hyperlipidemic rats and 20 mg/kg/d in normolipidemic hamsters. The plasma concentration of 55 reached 716 ng/ml in dogs (10 mg/kg, p.o.), which is an effective concentration against hepatic ACAT activity and LDL-peroxidation. In conclusion, compound 55 is a novel bioavailable ACAT inhibitor with anti-peroxidative activity and is thus a promising anti-atherosclerotic and anti-hyperlipidemic drug. Indoline proved to be a useful pharmacophore for molecular design of new anti-peroxidative drugs.