Development of a novel compression tester and rheo-mechanical properties of wet-mass powder. II--Effect of moisture content on the rheo-mechanical properties

In our previous paper [Watano S., et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 51(7), 747-750 (2003)], a novel compression tester, which enables the vertical and radial pressure transmission measurement, has been developed and quantitative analysis of rheo-mechanical properties of wet-mass powder prepared by different kneading times was conducted. In this study, the compression test was conducted by using the kneaded wet-mass powders prepared by different moisture contents. Pressure transmission characteristics and rheo-mechanical properties have been investigated to characterize the wet-mass powders. The relationship between these parameters and granule physical properties was also investigated.     

FUNCTIONAL DETERGENT PROBES OF MICELLE STRUCTURE. ABSORPTION, FLUORESCENCE AND QUENCHING MEASUREMENTS

Abstract— The absorption and fluorescence spectra of two functional ionic detergents containing an indole chromophore have been studied as micelle probes and have been compared to the corresponding spectra of 1-methylindole. The quenching of the fluorescence of the probes by NO^-₂ and Co²⁺ has also been investigated. Based on the results obtained, it is concluded that 1-methylindole is associated with the surface of HDTBr micelles, whereas it is located in the interior of SDS micelles. The chromophore of the indole detergents is considered to be located in the interior of HDTBr and SDS micelles.     

The nature of the vibronic coupling in a metalloporphyrin and its Raman scattering

It has been shown that a Raman line of a nontotally symmetric vibration (b_1g, b_2g, or a_2g) of a metalloporphyrin (D_4h) can be caused, not only by a vibronic coupling between the first ($\text{A}\text{?}$) and second ($\text{B}\text{?}$) excited electronic states but also by a vibronic coupling within one of the electronic states (let us call the former the QS mechanism and the latter the QQ and/or SS mechanism). A simple formulation has been made for each of those different mechanisms, so that a numerical calculation can be made of the excitation profile of a Raman scattering for a given set of coupling constants and damping factors. Next, the result of an examination is given of the excitation profile of the Raman scatterings of some of the b_1g, b_2g, and a_2g vibrations of nickel octaethylporphyrin and nickel octaethyltetrachloroporphryin. Most of the Raman lines of these nontotally symmetric vibrations show a resonance effect only in the Q-band ($\text{A}\text{?}\text{←}\text{X}\text{?}$) region but not in the Soret-band ($\text{B}\text{?}\text{←}\text{X}\text{?}$) region. On the basis of this fact, it has been suggested that those Raman lines are caused mainly by the QQ mechanism rather than the QS mechanism. The observed vibrational structure of an excitation profile also seems to support this suggestion.     

Active control effort of hybrid piezoelectric absorber for structural control

This paper aims at addressing the active control effort of the active-shunted hybrid piezoelectric absorber for structural vibration suppression. Both active control efforts of the integrated and separated hybrid piezoelectric absorbers are analyzed by using a simple cantilevered beam example. It is recognized that a new hybrid piezoelectric absorber based on a switching operation is capable of reducing the active control effort. A switching type of the hybrid piezoelectric absorber can be developed by the simple combination of integrated and separated hybrid piezoelectric absorbers. It is demonstrated that the switching type of the absorber has the capability of the trade-off between the active control effort and the damping performance.     

Quantum degenerate mixtures of alkali and alkaline-earth-like atoms

We realize simultaneous quantum degeneracy in mixtures consisting of the alkali and alkaline-earth-like atoms Li and Yb. This is accomplished within an optical trap by sympathetic cooling of the fermionic isotope ?Li with evaporatively cooled bosonic 1??Yb and, separately, fermionic 1?3Yb. Using cross-thermalization studies, we also measure the elastic s-wave scattering lengths of both Li-Yb combinations, |a(?Li-1??Yb)| = 1.0 ± 0.2 nm and |a(?Li-1?3Yb)| = 0.9 ± 0.2 nm. The equality of these lengths is found to be consistent with mass-scaling analysis. The quantum degenerate mixtures of Li and Yb, as realized here, can be the basis for creation of ultracold molecules with electron spin degrees of freedom, studies of novel Efimov trimers, and impurity probes of superfluid systems.     

Dramatic reduction of IR vibrational cross sections of molecules encapsulated in carbon nanotubes

Combined temperature-programmed desorption and IR studies suggest that absorption cross sections of IR-active vibrations of molecules "strongly" bound to single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are reduced at least by a factor of 10. Quantum chemical simulations show that IR intensities of endohedrally encapsulated molecules are dramatically reduced, and identify dielectric screening by highly polarizable SWCNT sidewalls as the origin of such "screening". The observed intensity reduction originates from a sizable cancellation of adsorbate dipole moments by mirror charges dynamically induced on the nanotube sidewalls. For exohedrally adsorbed molecules, the dielectric screening is found to be orientation-dependent with a smaller magnitude for adsorption in groove and interstitial sites. The presented results clearly demonstrate and quantify the screening effect of SWCNTs and unequivocally show that IR spectroscopy cannot be applied in a straightforward manner to the study of peapod systems.     

Selective and Nonselective Cleavages in Positive and Negative CID of the Fragments Generated from In-Source Decay of Intact Proteins in MALDI-MS

Selective and nonselective cleavages in ion trap low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments of the fragments generated from in-source decay (ISD) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) of intact proteins are described in both positive and negative ion modes. The MALDI-ISD spectra of the proteins demonstrate common, discontinuous, abundant c- and z′-ions originating from cleavage at the N–Cα bond of Xxx-Asp/Asn and Gly-Xxx residues in both positive- and negative-ion modes. The positive ion CID of the c- and z′-ions resulted in product ions originating from selective cleavage at Asp-Xxx, Glu-Xxx and Cys-Xxx residues. Nonselective cleavage product ions rationalized by the mechanism of a “mobile proton” are also observed in positive ion CID spectra. Negative ion CID of the ISD fragments results in complex product ions accompanied by the loss of neutrals from b-, c-, and y-ions. The most characteristic feature of negative ion CID is selective cleavage of the peptide bonds of acidic residues, Xxx-Asp/Glu/Cys. A definite influence of α-helix on the CID product ions was not obtained. However, the results from positive ion and negative ion CID of the MALDI-ISD fragments that may have long α-helical domains suggest that acidic residues in helix-free regions tend to degrade more than those in helical regions.

LC/MS studies on characterization and determination of N,N'-ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides in environmental water samples.

Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has been applied to analyze N,N'-ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides (EBDCs: manzeb, maneb and zineb) in environmental water samples. The EBDCs that are zinc and/or manganese salts are transformed into readily water-soluble sodium salts by adding an alkaline EDTA solution. The N,N'-ethylenebisdithiocarbamate anion is extracted into chloroform-hexane (3:1) as an ion pair with tetrabutylammonium, and then S-alkylated with methyl iodide. The extraction and derivatization are carried out at room temperature. The derivatized ethylenebisdithiocarbamic acid dimethyl ester is introduced into an LC/MS equipped with a negative ion electrospray ionization interface. Identification of the compound is performed with the specific quasi-molecular ion, and the quantitative analyses are carried out using the peak areas. The average recoveries and coefficients of variation of EBDCs at sub-ppb level are 79.1% and 29.3% (n = 6), respectively. The limit of detection based on standard deviation of 0.043 microg/L for manzeb is achieved.     

False Hyperelliptic Surfaces with Section

Let X be a nonsingular relatively minimal projective surface over an algebraically closed field of characteristic p > 0. We call X a false hyperelliptic surface if X satisfies the following conditions: (1) c₂(X) = 0, c₁(X)² = 0, dim Alb (X) = 1, and (2) All fibres of the Albanese mapping of X are rational curves with only one cusp of type xp^v + yⁿ = 0. In this article, we consider a false hyperelliptic surface whose Albanese mapping has a cross-section. We prove that every false hyperellyptic surface with section arises from an elliptic ruled surface and that every false hyperelliptic surface has an elliptic fibration with multiple fibre. Moreover, we construct an example of false hyperelliptic surface with section, whose elliptic fibration has a multiple fibre of supersingular elliptic curve of multiplicity p^v (v > 1).