Evaluation of ADC measurements among solid pancreatic masses by respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted MR imaging with inversion-recovery fat-suppression technique at 3.0 T

Purpose

The objective of this paper was to investigate the value of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) for differential diagnosis among solid pancreatic masses using respiratory triggered diffusion-weighted MR imaging with inversion-recovery fat-suppression technique (RT-IR-DWI) at 3.0 T.

Materials and Methods

20 normal volunteers and 72 patients (Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma [PDCA, n = 30], mass-forming pancreatitis [MFP, n = 15], solid pseudopapillary neoplasm [SPN, n = 12], and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor[PNET, n = 15]) underwent RT-IR-DWI (b values: 0 and 600 s/mm²) at 3.0 T. Results were correlated with histopathologic data and follow-up imaging. ADC values among different types of pancreatic tissue were statistically analyzed and compared.

Results

Statistical difference was noticed in ADC values among normal pancreas, MFP, PDCA, SPN and PNET by ANOVA (p < .001). Normal pancreas had the highest ADC value, then followed by PNET, PDCA, MFP and SPN. There was noticeable statistical difference in ADC values among PDCA, MFP and normal pancreas by Least Significant Difference (LSD) (p < .001). ADC of SPN was statistically lower than that of PNET (p = 0.1800 × 10^− 4), PDCA (p = 0.0300 × 10^− 4) and normal pancreas (p = 0.0007 × 10^− 4). ADC of PNET was statistically lower than that of normal pancreas (p = 0.0360) and higher than that of MFP (p = 9.3000 × 10^− 4).

Conclusions

ADC measurements using RT-IR-DWI at 3.0 T may aid to disclose the histopathological pattern of normal pancreas and solid pancreatic masses, which may be helpful in characterizing solid pancreatic lesions.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Pressure and Temperature Dual‐Responsive Polystyrene Microbeads

A facile approach to the synthesis of pressure and temperature dual‐responsive polystyrene (PS) microbeads with controlled sizes via dispersion polymerization is described. Three different luminophors are selected and directly introduced into the reaction system and thus incorporated into the resultant PS microbeads during polymerization. By manipulating the reaction conditions, including concentrations of the initiator and monomer, polarity of the reaction medium, and injection rate for the monomer, uniform PS microbeads with sizes ranging from 1 to 5 μm are obtained. When a light source centered at 365 nm is used to excite all the luminophors in the PS beads, three distinct and resolvable emission peaks corresponding well with the luminophors are observed. By taking advantage of their sensitive responses to both pressure and temperature, the PS beads can be utilized for quantitative measurements of these two stimulations simultaneously. The PS beads loaded with multiple luminophors have the ability to serve as building blocks for the fabrication of novel sensing and imaging devices and therefore provide a promising strategy for the study of aerodynamics.     

微谐振环结构体内太赫兹增强效应

基于严格电磁场理论,给出了微型谐振环形和Fishnet结构体内太赫兹波的严格表达式,并利用电磁场的边界条件分析了太赫兹波在微型谐振环形和Fishnet结构体内空间分布的增强效应。数值模拟结果表明:谐振环金属条附近的电场大于磁场,金属条附近的电场相对其他区域明显要强得多,开口处表现更为突出,太赫兹波在Fishnet结构体内电磁场的峰位处电场和磁场分布关于x对称;电场的极值出现在大十字架的上下四个角,而磁场的极值则出现在小十字架的上下两端点。同时用电磁场传输线理论对该现象作出一定的物理解释。收稿日期:; 修订日期:     

用双波长可见光谱法快速测定半纤维素提取液中糖的含量

传统的Douglas比色法(间苯三酚-冰醋酸显色法)只能测定水溶性聚戊糖或戊糖,该研究对上述方法进行了改进,通过采用双波长技术实现对总糖和戊糖、己糖含量的同时测定。研究发现,425 nm是戊糖和己糖的等摩尔吸收波长,553 nm是戊糖的特征吸收波长,以上述二波长为基础大大简化了双波长法的计算公式。半纤维素提取液中干扰物质的光谱结果显示,提取液中的木素和葡萄糖醛酸对戊糖和己糖的测定结果都没有显著干扰。结果表明,该方法测定总糖和戊糖、己糖的含量都具有较高的精度和准确性,回收率为97.4%~101.9%。该方法简单、快速,非常适用于阔叶木和禾本科植物半纤维素提取液中混合糖含量的同时测定。     

Quantum state and process tomography via adaptive measurements

We investigate quantum state tomography(QST) for pure states and quantum process tomography(QPT) for unitary channels via adaptive measurements. For a quantum system with a d-dimensional Hilbert space, we first propose an adaptive protocol where only 2d. 1 measurement outcomes are used to accomplish the QST for all pure states. This idea is then extended to study QPT for unitary channels, where an adaptive unitary process tomography(AUPT) protocol of d2+d.1measurement outcomes is constructed for any unitary channel. We experimentally implement the AUPT protocol in a 2-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance system. We examine the performance of the AUPT protocol when applied to Hadamard gate, T gate(/8 phase gate), and controlled-NOT gate,respectively, as these gates form the universal gate set for quantum information processing purpose. As a comparison, standard QPT is also implemented for each gate. Our experimental results show that the AUPT protocol that reconstructing unitary channels via adaptive measurements significantly reduce the number of experiments required by standard QPT without considerable loss of fidelity.     

Recommendation in evolving online networks

Recommender system is an effective tool to find the most relevant information for onlineusers. By analyzing the historical selection records of users, recommender system predictsthe most likely future links in the user-item network and accordingly constructs apersonalized recommendation list for each user. So far, the recommendation process ismostly investigated in static user-item networks. In this paper, we propose a model whichallows us to examine the performance of the state-of-the-art recommendation algorithms inevolving networks. We find that the recommendation accuracy in general decreases with timeif the evolution of the online network fully depends on the recommendation. Interestingly,some randomness in users’ choice can significantly improve the long-term accuracy of therecommendation algorithm. When a hybrid recommendation algorithm is applied, we find thatthe optimal parameter gradually shifts towards the diversity-favoring recommendationalgorithm, indicating that recommendation diversity is essential to keep a high long-termrecommendation accuracy. Finally, we confirm our conclusions by studying therecommendation on networks with the real evolution data.     

短寿命核转轮传送装置

在中国原子能科学研究院的串列式静电加速器上建立了传送短寿命核的转轮装置,可用于鉴别和研究寿命短至几秒的核素．该装置已用于新的缺中子核素９０Ｒｕ的鉴别及其半衰期和衰变γ的测量． A wheel device for transporting short-lived nuclei has been constructed at the HI-13 tandem accelerator of CIAE. The device can be used in the identification and investigation of nuclides with life-times as short as a few seconds. With the aid of this device a new nutron-deficient nuclide 90Ru has been identified. Its half-life and decay γ-rays have been measured.     

Effect of boric acid on structure,morphology and luminescent properties of divalent europium doped calcium aluminate phosphors

Blue phosphors Ca_1 − xAl₂O₄: xEu²⁺ were prepared by high temperature solid-state method. Their structure, morphology and luminescent properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The effect of different amounts of fluxing agent H₃BO₃ on structure, morphology and luminescent properties of blue phosphors Ca_1 − xAl₂O₄: xEu²⁺ luminous intensity caused by different amount of H₃BO₃ was also investigated. The amount of H₃BO₃ doped Ca_1 − xAl₂O₄: xEu²⁺ in optimal luminous intensity had been determined. The results showed that both the excitation and emission spectra of samples were all broad bands, and that the peak of emission spectra was near 442 nm, which was corresponding to the 4f⁶5d → 4f⁷ transition of Eu²⁺ illuminating blue light. Ca_1 − xAl₂O₄: xEu²⁺ (x = 3.5 mol%) could be gained with good morphology and the best luminous intensity when H₃BO₃ mass ratio was 0.5 wt%.     

ZnSe相变、电子结构的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理平面波赝势(PWP)和广义梯度近似(GGA)方法,对闪锌矿结构(ZB)和岩盐结构(RS)的ZnSe在0—20GPa高压下的几何结构、态密度、能带结构进行了计算研究,分析了闪锌矿结构ZnSe和岩盐结构ZnSe的几何结构.在此基础上,研究了ZnSe的结构相变、弹性常数、成键情况以及相变压强下电子结构的变化机理.结果发现:通过焓相等原理得到的ZB相到RS相的相变压强为15.3GPa,而由弹性常数判据得到的相变压强为11.52GPa,但在9.5GPa左右并没有发现简单立方相的出现;在结构相变过程中,sp3轨道杂化现象并未消除,Zn原子的4s电子在RS相ZnSe的导电性中起主要贡献.     

基于激光二极管光反馈效应的肌肉震颤测量系统

介绍一种测量肌肉震颤频率和幅度的无损伤、非接触光学方法。分析了在直接频率调制下 ,激光二极管中的光反馈效应 ,探讨了振动微小位移和速度的理论模型。设计并研制了一套基于光反馈效应的直接频率调制激光二极管光电探测系统。利用该系统对微弱机械振动信号进行了探测 ,表明该系统能用于肌肉震颤的测量。最后介绍了人体前臂内侧屈肌群紧张收缩时 ,肌肉震颤的光学测量结果