Effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency

The effects of clouds, sea surface temperature, and its diurnal variation on precipitation efficiency are investigated using grid-scale data from nine equilibrium sensitivity cloud-resolving model experiments driven without large-scale vertical velocity. The precipitation efficiencies are respectively defined in surface rainfall, cloud, and rain microphysical budgets. We mathematically and physically demonstrate the relationship between these precipitation efficiencies. The 2℃ increases in spatiotemporal invariant sea surface temperature (SST) from 27℃ to 29℃ and from 29℃ to 31℃, and the inclusion of diurnal SST difference 1℃ and the 1℃ increase in diurnal SST difference generate opposite changes in the precipitation efficiency by changing ice cloud-radiation interactions. The radiative and microphysical processes of ice clouds have opposite effects on the precipitation efficiency because of the rainfall increase associated with the reduction in the saturation mixing ratio caused by the exclusion of radiative effects and the decrease in rainfall related to the reduction in net condensation caused by the exclusion of deposition processes. The radiative effects of water clouds on the precipitation efficiency are statistically insensitive to the radiative effects of ice clouds.     

BRD96N光调制吸收增强现象的实验研究

通过光谱响应特性实验和记录／读出图像实验，研究了基因变异型细菌视紫红质（BR_D96N）分子膜对单色光的光调制特性.发现BR_D96N分子膜在550nm—600nm范围内对调制光有吸收增强的现象，且对此范围内不同波长的单色光其调制程度有差异.利用曲线拟和方法发现550nm—600nm吸收增强的变化过程分为快过程和慢过程，其对应的时间常数分别为30s和5min.利用强度调制器的吸收强度与图像灰度之间的关系，分析了560nm—600nm范围内出现图像反转的实验现象. 关键词： 细菌视紫红质D96N分子膜 光谱响应 吸收增强现象 图像反转现象     

泊松逆高斯回归模型的贝叶斯统计推断

本文研究泊松逆高斯回归模型的贝叶斯统计推断.基于应用Gibbs抽样,Metropolis-Hastings算法以及Multiple-Try Metropolis算法等MCMC统计方法计算模型未知参数和潜变量的联合贝叶斯估计,并引入两个拟合优度统计量来评价提出的泊松逆高斯回归模型的合理性.若干模拟研究与一个实证分析说明方...     

XAFS和XRD研究高能球磨对Fe70Cu30合金结构的影响

利用XRD和XAFS方法研究机械合金化Fe₇₀Cu₃₀二元金属合金随球磨时间的结构变化.XRD结果表明，球磨2 h后，部分金属Fe与Cu生成Fe-Cu合金；球磨20h后，金属Fe与Cu已完全合金化生成Fe-Cu合金，并只在2θ=44°处出现一个宽化的弱衍射峰，认为是在球磨20h后的Fe₇₀Cu₃₀合金中共存着fcc和bcc结构的Fe-Cu合金相.XAFS结果进一步表明，在球磨的初始阶段(2h)，fcc结构的Cu颗粒的晶 关键词： XAFS XRD 70Cu₃₀合金')" href="#">Fe₇₀Cu₃₀合金 机械合金化     

Sc12X（X=C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb）团簇的几何构形和电子结构研究

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似(GGA)研究二十面体Sc12X(X=C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb)团簇的几何构形和电子结构,系统计算了它们的束缚能(BE)、最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低未占据轨道(LUMO)之间的能隙(ΔE)、局域磁矩( )及团簇的平均键长( )。研究表明,用C、Si、Ge、Sn、Pb分别替代Sc13团簇中心或表面原子可以使其成为更稳定结构(除Sc12Pb外)。掺杂团簇Sc12X中,当杂质原子X比Sc原子的原子量大很多时,具有C5V对称性的构形比具有Ih对称性的构形更稳定;当杂质原子X比Sc原子的原子量小时,具有对称Ih对称性的构形比具有C5V对称性的构形更稳定(除Sc12C团簇外)。Sc12C团簇的稳定性出现异常,其原因与轨道杂化有关。     

The effect of water molecule on the thermal stability of lanthanide compounds with 1,3-benzeneditetrazol-5-yl

Six lanthanide compounds [Ln(H₂O)₉](m-BDTH)₃·9(H₂O) where Ln = La (1), and [Ln(H₂O)₈](m-BDTH)₃·9(H₂O) (m-BDTH₂ = 1,3-benzeneditetrazol-5-yl) where Ln = Lu (2), Yb (3), Er (4), Ho (5) and Y (6) were hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, infrared spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and X-ray single crystal diffraction. PXRD indicates that 2–6 are isomorphous. Structural analyses reveal that 1 is coordinated by nine water molecules forming a capped-square antiprism, while 2–6 are coordinated by eight water molecules forming a simple square antiprismatic geometry. Effects of water molecules on thermal stability were also discussed by thermogravimetric (TG), DSC, and PXRD under different temperatures. TG analyses suggest that 1 loses lattice and coordinated water molecules with no diacritical boundary, and 6 removes lattice water molecules first and then coordinated water molecules. DSC and PXRD further confirm the consequence.     

Organophosphine/phosphite‐stabilized silver(I) complexes bearing N‐acetylbenzamide ligand: synthesis,characterization and potential application in metal organic chemical vapor deposition

New N‐silver(I) acetylbenzamide complexes of type L_n?AgNC₉H₈O₂ (L = PPh₃; n = 1, 2a; n = 2, 2b; n = 3, 2c; L = P(OEt)₃; n = 1, 2d; n = 2, 2e; n = 3, 2f) were prepared. These complexes were obtained in high yields and characterized by elemental analysis, ¹H NMR, ¹³C{H} NMR, ³¹P{H} NMR and IR spectroscopy, respectively. The molecular structure of 2b has been determined by X‐ray single‐crystal analysis in which the silver atom is in a distorted tetrahedral geometry and crystallizes as cis–trans. New N‐silver(I) acetylbenzamide complexes have a four‐membered ring, which could influence their chemical and physical properties and modulate volatility. Metal organic chemical vapor deposition experiments were carried out successfully at 400°C and 450°C using 2e as precursor for the deposition of silver films, respectively. The high‐purity silver film obtained at 400°C is dense and homogeneous. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Design of image Hash functions based on fluid dynamics model

The chain-like structure is used in most known Hash functions, which is not suitable for digital images. A new structure is adopted to design an image hash function based on the HPP model, a model originally aiming to simulate fluid flows, and impressive for its simplicity, 2D structure, and its ability to support parallel computing. In order to fulfill security requirements of a cryptographic hash function, the HPP model is generalized by combining the original model with a nonlinear substitution operation. Computer simulations and theoretical analyses demonstrate that this generalized model possesses satisfactory properties of randomness and sensitivity for hash functions.     

铁电-铁磁多铁性脉冲形成线特性

对"多铁性"脉冲形成线输出特性进行了研究。利用镍锌铁氧体-钛酸钡陶瓷复合多铁性材料制作了脉冲形成线。在不同的磁回路条件下得到了不同脉冲宽度的电脉冲方波,其中以高磁导率材料组合成的闭合磁回路得到了脉冲宽度约201 ns的方波输出。推算出脉冲形成线的相对介电常数接近2 000,相对磁导率大于1.4。基于有效磁导率的概念,分析了多铁性脉冲形成线几何构型对脉冲输出特性的影响。分析表明:平板状"多铁性脉冲形成线"的有效磁导率不仅取决于平板介质的磁导率,还取决于周围介质的磁导率,因而有效磁导率通常较小,其输出表现出明显的铁电性而只有"弱"的铁磁性;相比之下,同轴结构的"多铁性脉冲形成线"具有更高的有效磁导率,其输出可同时表现出强的铁电性和铁磁性,即更明显的"多铁性"。"多铁性脉冲形成线"有可能在紧凑型脉冲功率系统中获得应用。