RTP协议中RTCP传输间隔算法

针对应用RTP的大规模会话，提出了改进的RTCP传输间隔算法，并对改进算法和现行算法进行了模拟和分析，结果表明改进算法有效地减小了因大量用户同时加入而导致的RTCP包发送间隔误差，缓解了大规模会话初始时RTCP包造成的拥塞．     

Boundary layer viscosity of CNT-doped liquid crystals: effects of phase behavior

Carbon nanotube (CNT)-doped liquid crystals (LCs) have attracted intensive research studies as prospective materials in optic display devices, microfluidic sensors, and lubricants due to their unique molecular structures and properties. In this paper, the interaction between the doped CNTs and the hosting 4-cyano-4 $^{\prime }$ -pentylbiphenyl (5CB) molecules (in both nematic and isotropic phases) was investigated and we focused on the boundary layer rheological properties of the CNT-doped 5CB under external electric field. The experiments were performed by using a quartz crystal microbalance (for boundary layer viscosity investigation) and a rheometer (for bulk viscosity measurement). The results indicate that the bulk viscosity of the CNT-doped 5CB presents an obvious electroviscous effect in its nematic phase while no electroviscous effect in its isotropic phase. Additionally, we found that the boundary layer viscosity of the CNT-doped 5CB demonstrated significant electroviscous effects both in its nematic phase and isotropic phase. The enhanced electroviscous effects on the boundary layer viscosity of CNT-doped 5CB can be attributed to the highly ordered structures of LC molecules and CNTs on the substrate under external electric field. The unique properties of the boundary layer rheology of CNT-doped 5CB LC were further discussed in view of the ordering of LC molecules induced by the electric field, the polarity of CNTs, and the aligning interaction between CNTs and LC molecules.     

Concentration of nitrogen molecules needed by nitrogen nanobubbles existing in bulk water

This paper investigates the stability of nitrogen nanobubbles under dif~ ferent concentrations of nitrogen molecules by molecular dynamics simulations. It is found that the stability of nanobubbles is very sensitive to the concentration of nitrogen molecules in water. A sharp transition between disperse states and assemble states of nitrogen molecules is observed when the concentration of nitrogen molecules is changed. The relevant critical concentration of nitrogen molecules needed by the existing nitrogen nanobubbles is analyzed.     

Evolution of planetary boundary layer under different weather conditions,and its impact on aerosol concentrations

A field experiment was conducted in Tianjin,China from September 9-30,2010,focused on the evolution of Planetary Boundary Layer（PBL） and its impact on surface air pollutants.The experiment used three remote sensing instruments,wind profile radar（WPR）,microwave radiometer（MWR） and micro-pulse lidar（MPL）,to detect the vertical profiles of winds,temperature,and aerosol backscattering coefficient and to measure the vertical profiles of surface pollutants（aerosol,CO,SO₂,NO_x）,and also collected sonic anemometers data from a 255-m meteorological tower.Based on these measurements,the evolution of the PBL was estimated.The averaged PBL height was about 1000-1300 m during noon/afternoon-time, and 200-300 m during night-time.The PBL height and the aerosol concentrations were anti-correlated during clear and haze conditions.The averaged maximum PBL heights were 1.08 and 1.70 km while the averaged aerosol concentrations were 52 and 17μg/m³ under haze and clear sky conditions,respectively. The influence of aerosols and clouds on solar radiation was observed based on sonic anemometers data collected from the 255-m meteorological tower.The heat flux was found significantly decreased by haze （heavy pollution） or cloud,which tended to depress the development of PBL,while the repressed structure of PBL further weakened the diffusion of pollutants,leading to heavy pollution.This possible positive feedback cycle（more aerosols→lower PBL height→more aerosols） would induce an acceleration process for heavy ground pollution in megacities.     

高瓦斯矿发火区封闭时对瓦斯爆炸界限因素的影响

针对高瓦斯矿发火区封闭时常发生瓦斯爆炸事故,对影响瓦斯爆炸界限的因素进行实验,探索温度、压力、可燃气体(CO)、惰性气体(N2和CO2)等条件对瓦斯爆炸界限的影响规律。得出常温常压下瓦斯爆炸的体积分数下限为5%,瓦斯爆炸上限为13.5%,以及CO2的惰化效果比N2更好的结论。根据实验数据绘制混合气体的爆炸三角形,并进行新的惰化分区划分,不仅为火区封闭时防治瓦斯爆炸提供新的技术途径,而且能计算出使火区惰化时,所需惰性气体量,可对这些因素进行合理控制,有效地降低瓦斯爆炸危险性。     

DH36钢拉伸塑性流动特性及本构关系

对DH36钢在温度从293~800 K、应变率为0.001和0.1 s-1的拉伸塑性流动特性进行实验研究,通过端口形貌图对变形前后的试样进行了微观分析,结果表明：(1)在实验温度范围内,0.001和0.1 s-1的应变率下,第三型应变时效现象出现,随应变率的增加,时效发生的温度区域移向更高温度;(2)第三型应变时效的发生与合金原子在晶界和晶粒中大量的第二相析出强化有关联;(3)建立包含第三型应变时效现象的统一本构模型,通过比较该模型能够较好的预测DH36的塑性拉伸流动应力。     

Evolution of planetary boundary layer under different weather conditions,and its impact on aerosol concentrations

A field experiment was conducted in Tianjin, China from September 9–30, 2010, focused on the evolution of Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) and its impact on surface air pollutants. The experiment used three remote sensing instruments, wind profile radar (WPR), microwave radiometer (MWR) and micro-pulse lidar (MPL), to detect the vertical profiles of winds, temperature, and aerosol backscattering coefficient and to measure the vertical profiles of surface pollutants (aerosol, CO, SO₂, NO_x), and also collected sonic anemometers data from a 255-m meteorological tower. Based on these measurements, the evolution of the PBL was estimated. The averaged PBL height was about 1000–1300 m during noon/afternoon-time, and 200–300 m during night-time. The PBL height and the aerosol concentrations were anti-correlated during clear and haze conditions. The averaged maximum PBL heights were 1.08 and 1.70 km while the averaged aerosol concentrations were 52 and 17 μg/m³ under haze and clear sky conditions, respectively. The influence of aerosols and clouds on solar radiation was observed based on sonic anemometers data collected from the 255-m meteorological tower. The heat flux was found significantly decreased by haze (heavy pollution) or cloud, which tended to depress the development of PBL, while the repressed structure of PBL further weakened the diffusion of pollutants, leading to heavy pollution. This possible positive feedback cycle (more aerosols → lower PBL height → more aerosols) would induce an acceleration process for heavy ground pollution in megacities.     

Numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells: Progress and perspective

This paper provides a comprehensive review on the research and development in multi-scale numerical modeling and simulation of PEM fuel cells. An overview of recent progress in PEM fuel cell modeling has been provided. Fundamental transport phenomena in PEM fuel cells and the corresponding mathematical formulation of macroscale models are analyzed. Various important issues in PEM fuel cell modeling and simulation are examined in detail, including fluid flow and species transport, electron and proton transport, heat transfer and thermal management, liquid water transport and water management, transient response behaviors, and cold-start processes. Key areas for further improvements have also been discussed.     

倒三角形荷载下双重弯剪型结构的位移计算方法

为了研究双重弯剪型结构承受倒三角形荷载的位移计算方法,在前期研究工作基础上,首次推导出倒三角形荷载下双重弯剪型结构中两个子结构的弯曲变形、剪切变形、总水平位移的通用表达式,进一步完善了广义双重结构的位移计算理论.针对框架-密肋复合墙结构、框架-剪力墙结构的变形特点,由双重弯剪型结构的位移计算公式出发,推导出前两种结构承受倒三角形荷载时的特解与位移解析解,证明了:框架-密肋复合墙结构是双重弯剪型结构的一个子结构抗弯刚度趋于无穷大的具体表现形式;框架-剪力墙结构是双重弯剪型结构的一个子结构抗弯刚度趋于无穷大且另一个子结构抗剪刚度趋于无穷大的具体表现形式.本文对具有不同变形特征的双重结构位移计算方法的分析有助于从更高层面理解水平荷载下任意双重结构的变形规律及相互之间的关系.     

Noise-induced bistable switching dynamics through a potential energy landscape

Interlinked positive feedback loops,an important building block of biochemical systems,can induce bistable switching,leading to long-lasting state changes by brief stimuli.In this work,prevalent mutual activation between two species as another positive feedback is added to a generic interlinked positive-feedback-loop model originating from many realistic biological circuits.A stochastic fluctuation of the positive feedback strength is introduced in a bistable interval of the feedback strength,and bistability appears for the moderate feedback strength at a certain noise level.Stability analysis based on the potential energy landscape is further utilized to explore the noise-induced switching behavior of two stable steady states.