Cobalt(II) and silver(I) coordination polymers constructed from flexible bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole) and substituted isophthalate co-ligands

Two coordination polymers, [Co(L1)(IPA] _n (1) and {[Ag(L2)(HMIPA)]·H₂O} _n (2) (H₂IPA = isophthalic acid, L1 = 1,2-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene, H₂MIPA = 5-methylisophthalic acid, L2 = 1,6-bis(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)hexane, have been synthesized and characterized by physicochemical and spectroscopic methods, as well as single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In 1, six-coordinated cobalt centers are bridged by L1 and IPA^2? ligands to generate a (4,4) two-dimensional layer. However, complex 2 features a 1D chain structure, which is further extended by O–H···O hydrogen bonding interactions into a 2D supramolecular layer with (6³) topology. The fluorescence and thermal gravimetric analysis of both complexes were also explored. Furthermore, the complexes 1 and 2 exhibit remarkable catalytic properties for the degradation of methyl orange dyes in a Fenton-like process.     

ZnO纳米管有序阵列与Cu2O纳米晶核壳结构的光电化学性能及全固态纳米结构太阳电池研究简

采用电化学方法在铟锡氧化物(ITO)导电玻璃基底上制备了高度有序的ZnO纳米管阵列,然后在ZnO纳米管阵列上电化学沉积Cu2O纳米晶颗粒,获得了一维有序Cu2O/ZnO核壳式纳米阵列结构,通过控制Cu2O纳米晶的沉积电量得到不同厚度的Cu2O壳层,并对该核壳式纳米阵列的形貌和结构进行了分析. 以Cu2O/ZnO一维核壳式纳米阵列结构为光电极组装全固态纳米结构太阳电池,研究了Cu2O壳层厚度对光电极光吸收性能、光电性能以及组装电池光伏性能的影响,优化了电池中对电极材料的喷金厚度. 结果表明,以Cu2O沉积电量为1.5 C的Cu2O/ZnO为光活性层,以4 mA电流下真空镀金20~25 min的铜基底为对电极组装的简易太阳电池最高可获得0.013%的光电转换效率.     

Facile synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles for the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology - ZnO nanoparticle photocatalysts with a grain size range of 20–100?nm were prepared via a simple sol–gel method and characterized by...     

Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9纳米颗粒对固体氧化物电解池La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ阳极 析氧反应的影响

化石燃料的使用排放了大量CO2,对气候和环境造成了日益严重的危害.固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)能够利用可再生能源产生的电能将CO2高效转化成CO,降低CO2排放的同时,又能减少化石燃料的使用,近年来受到研究者的广泛关注.相比于低温液相CO2电还原,SOEC高的运行温度保证了其较高的反应速率,即较高的电流密度.典型的SOEC单电池由多孔阴极、致密电解质和多孔阳极以三明治的方式组装而成.CO2分子在阴极得到两个电子解离成CO和一个O2–;生成的O2–通过致密电解质传导至阳极,在阳极失去四个电子发生析氧反应(OER)生成一个O2.相比于两电子的阴极反应,阳极四电子的析氧反应更难进行,可能是整个电极过程的速控步,因此开发高性能的阳极材料有望显著提高SOEC的CO2电还原性能.La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)因具有较高的混合离子-电子导电性而被用作SOEC阳极材料,但受LSCF-气体两相界面的限制,其OER性能较低.研究表明,LSCF-掺杂的CeO2-气体所构成的三相界面相比于LSCF-气体两相界面具有更高的电化学反应活性,即OER反应更易在三相界面进行.因此,本文将Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9(GDC)纳米颗粒浸渍到SOEC LSCF阳极来提高其OER活性,考察了纳米颗粒浸渍量(3,5,10和20 wt%)对SOEC电化学性能的影响.结果表明,SOEC的电化学性能随浸渍量的增加而逐渐升高,当GDC纳米颗粒浸渍量为10 wt%时(10GDC/LSCF),SOEC的电化学性能达到最高,在800 oC和1.6 V的电流密度为0.555 A cm–2,是LSCF阳极SOEC性能的1.32倍.继续增加浸渍量到20 wt%,电化学性能反而开始下降.电化学阻抗谱测试结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入减小了SOEC的极化电阻.对应的弛豫时间分布函数解析结果表明10GDC/LSCF阳极上的OER由四个基元反应构成.电镜和O2-程序升温脱附结果表明,GDC纳米颗粒的加入显著增加了10GDC/LSCF阳极三相界面和表面氧空位的数量以及体相氧的流动性,从而促进了OER四个基元反应的反应速率,降低了这几个过程的极化电阻,因而降低了OER反应的极化电阻,提高了SOEC电还原CO2的电化学性能.     

Tailoring thermal conductivity of bulk graphene oxide by tuning the oxidation degree

The thermal conductivity of graphene oxides can be tailored by tuning oxidation degree due to the introduction of atomic- and nano-scale phonon scattering centers.     

The Influence of Space Restriction on the Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Injection Bars

Isotactic polypropylene (iPP)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite bars were prepared by injection molding and the effects of RGO on the iPP matrix were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry, two dimensional wide angle X-ray diffraction (2D WAXD) and small angle X-ray scattering (2D SAXS) techniques. It is demonstrated that RGO is an effective nucleation agent for iPP and the incorporation of RGO can enhance the degree of orientation of iPP crystals at flow direction. Furthermore, the orientation of iPP chains at flow direction intensifies with the increase of RGO contents, which can be attributed to that RGO obstructed the motion of orientated polymer chains. Although the enhancement effect is weaker than that of High density polyethylene (HDPE)/RGO nanocomposites with epitaxial crystallization, the mechanical properties of iPP/RGO nanocomposites can also be improved apparently.     

Extraction of uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) from nitric acid solution by N-alkylcaprolactam

Extraction of uranium(VI), thorium(IV) from nitric acid has been studied with N-octylcaprolactam and N-(2-ethyl)hexylcaprolactam. Distribution coefficients of U(VI), Th(IV) and HNO₃ as a function of aqueous NHO₃ concentration, extractant concentration and temperature have been studied. The compositions of extracted species, thermodynamic parameters of extraction have been evaluated. Third phase formation in extraction of U(VI) has been studied. Back extraction behavior of U(VI) and Th(IV) from the organic phase has also been tested. The results obtained are compared with those obtained by using TBP under the same experimental conditions.     

Syntheses,Structures, Electrochemistry,and Electrocatalysis of Three Copper(II) Coordination Polymers constructed from 5‐[4‐(1H‐Imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl]‐1H‐tetrazole

Three coordination polymers (CPs) based on the 5‐[4‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl]‐1H‐tetrazole ( HL ) ligand, namely, [Cu(μ₂‐ L )(μ₄‐pbda)(H₂O)] ( 1 ), [Cu₂(μ‐Hbtc)(H₂btc)(μ₃‐OH)(μ₄‐ HL )] ( 2 ) and [Cu₅(μ₃‐ L )(μ₄‐ L )(μ₃‐ip)(μ₃‐OH)(H₂O)₂] · 2H₂O ( 3 ) (H₂pbda = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylic acid, H₃btc = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid, H₂ip = isophthalic acid) were hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Complex 1 represents “weave”‐type 2D layers consisting of wave‐like 1D chains and 1D straight chains, which are further connected by hydrogen bonds to form a 3D supramolecular structure. Complex 2 exhibits a uninodal (4)‐connected 2D layer with a point symbol of {4⁴ · 6²}, in which the L ligand can be described as μ₅‐bridging and the H₂btc^– ions display multiple kinds of coordination modes to connect Cu^II ions into 1D “H”‐type Cu‐H₂btc chains. In complex 3 , 2D Cu‐ L layers with two kinds of grids and 1D “stair”‐type Cu‐ip chains link each other to construct a 3D {4¹² · 6³} framework, which contains the pentanuclear subunits. Deprotonated degree and coordination modes of carboxylate ligands may consequentially influence the coordination patterns of main ligands and the final structures of complexes 1 – 3 . Furthermore, electrochemical behaviors and electrocatalytic activities of the title complexes were analyzed at room temperature, suggesting practical applications in areas of electrocatalytic reduction toward nitrite and hydrogen dioxide in aqueous solutions, respectively.     

Intermolecular H···O═C bonds induced 2D self‐assembly of thiophene based diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative

Compounds with diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) and thiophene moieties have attracted considerable attention because of their promising charge transport properties. The molecular conformation and self‐assembly of 2,5‐dihexadecyl‐3,6‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (TDPP‐C16) molecule have been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory alculation. The TDPP‐C16 molecules adsorb with their optimized S‐shaped conformation and form a zipper‐like pattern on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite surface. R and S rotated structures are observed. The nanostructure is dominated by intermolecular double hydrogen bonds between C═O of the DPP units and hydrogen atom of thiophene rings in the neighboring molecules in each row. Atomic force microscopy and density functional theory calculation also display the existence of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The results provide molecular evidence for the intermolecular interactions of the surface structure, which could benefit to the design of the organic semiconducting materials and understanding of underlying principle of charge transfer process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical Investigation on the Effects of a Precursor Wetting Film on the Displacement of Two Immiscible Phases Along a Channel

A set of numerical experiments has been conducted to study the effect of a precursor fluid layer on the motion of two phase system in a channel. This system is characterized by coupled Cahn-Hillard and Navier-Stokes system together with slip boundary conditions. The solution of the governing equation involves first the solution of Cahn-Hillard equation with semi-implicit and Mixed finite element discritization with a convex splitting scheme. The Navier-Stokes equations are then solved with a P2-P0 mixed finite element method. Three cases have been investigated; in the first the effect of different wettability scenarios with no precursor layer has been investigated. In the second scenario, the effect of the precursor layer for different wettability conditions is investigated. In the third case, the effect of the thickness of the precursor layer is investigated. It is found that, wettability conditions have considerable effect on the flow of the considered two-phase system. Furthermore the existence of the precursor layer has additional influence on the breakthrough of the phases.