纤维素及其衍生物催化脱氧转化制化学品

纤维素是木质纤维素生物质中最为丰富的组分,将其催化转化制备高附加值化学品在生物质资源化利用中占据极为重要的一席之地。由于纤维素中氧含量过高,需选择性地脱除部分氧原子才可获得满足当前化学工业对各类高值化学品的要求。近年来,针对纤维素以及由其衍生的关键平台分子葡萄糖和5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)等催化脱氧的研究已引起广泛关注,并取得诸多重要进展。在此,我们总结了具有代表性的多相催化剂体系,讨论了利用氢解或脱水脱氧策略分别将纤维素和葡萄糖等分子中一个或多个C―O键裁剪制备乙醇、烯烃或己二酸等的研究。我们还着重介绍了HMF和其衍生的呋喃化合物选择性剪切C―OH/C＝O键或呋喃环中的C―O―C键分别制备二甲基呋喃和1, 6-己二醇等催化体系。此外,对各多相催化剂的作用机制和特定C―O断键机理也分别进行了探讨,以期深入理解纤维素及其衍生物的催化脱氧反应。     

PtRuAgCoNi高熵合金纳米颗粒高效电催化氧化5-羟甲基糠醛

5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF)的电催化氧化被认为是合成2,5-呋喃二甲酸(FDCA)最环保、经济和有效的方法之一,它可作为聚呋喃二甲酸乙二醇酯(PEF)的生物基前体。在这项工作中,我们通过低温溶剂热法合成了PtRuAgCoNi高熵合金纳米颗粒,并在不改变颗粒结构和组成的情况下进行了简易的处理以去除表面活性剂。负载在碳载体上的合金纳米催化剂无论是否含有表面活性剂在HMF电催化氧化为FDCA的过程中都表现出比商业Pt/C更好的催化性能。且表面活性剂的去除可以进一步提高其电催化性能,表明高熵合金纳米粒子在电催化和绿色化学中具有广阔的应用前景。     

蚕丝基智能纤维及织物：潜力、现状与未来展望

纤维及织物因具有良好的柔性、透气性以及适宜的力学性能而成为人们日常生活必不可少的材料。随着柔性电子器件的快速发展,纤维及织物在其自身优势的基础上,开始被人们赋予智能化特征,使得智能纤维和织物逐渐在可穿戴领域占据一席之地。天然蚕丝具有产量大、机械性能优异和生物可降解的优势。近年来,面向智能应用的蚕丝基纤维与织物逐渐发展,被用于传感、致动、光学器件、能量收集和储能等领域。本文将首先介绍天然蚕丝的层级结构和性能,并介绍各种形貌结构的再生蚕丝材料;然后根据其在智能纤维及织物中应用领域的不同,详细阐述蚕丝基智能纤维及织物的制备方法、性能及工作机制;最后讨论进一步发展所面临的挑战与机会,并对未来前景进行展望。     

A Novel Ternary Composite of Polyurethane/Polyaniline/Nanosilica with Antistatic Property and Excellent Mechanical Strength: Preparation and Mechanism

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science - Antistatic and strength properties are of vital importance for polyurethane rubber used in moving parts of many industrial instruments. Herein, polyurethane was...     

Optimization of an Alkaline Hydrolysis Preparation of Capilliposide-A from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. Using Response Surface Methodology Coupled with HPLC-ELSD Analysis

Capilliposide-A, a rare secondary saponin found in Lysimachia capillipes, has been reported to exhibit good biological activities. However, it is difficult to obtain a sufficient of capilliposide-A for further research through column chromatography and chemical synthesis. The aim of this work was to establish an efficient approach for the convenient preparation of this steroid saponin based on alkaline hydrolysis. The hydrolysis conditions were optimized by response surface methodology after a preliminary investigation of the affecting factors by single-factor experiments. Under the optimal conditions, the macroporous resin that adsorbed capilliposide-B and capilliposide-C was hydrolyzed in an 8% (w/v) NaOH solution at 35 °C for 65 h, and the yield of capilliposide-A was 68.90%. The results demonstrated that this newly developed approach is efficient for the preparation of capilliposide-A, and this approach is also crucial for further development and clinical applications.

     

High Performance of PVA Nanocomposite Reinforced by Janus-like Asymmetrically Oxidized Graphene: Synergetic Effect of H-bonding Interaction and Interfacial Crystallization

Chinese Journal of Polymer Science - Macromolecule nanocrystal network and strong interfacial interaction are always beneficial to enhance the mechanical property of polymer-based nanocomposites....     

Controllable fabrication of ZnO nanorods@cellulose membrane with self-cleaning and passive radiative cooling properties for building energy-saving applications

Cellulose - The energy consumption for building cooling occupies non-ignorable part of global energy consumption, causing the increasing aggravation of energy crisis and environmental...