Sensitivity of depolarized lidar signals to cloud and aerosol particle properties

Measurements from depolarized lidars provide a promising method to retrieve both cloud and aerosol properties and a versatile complement to passive satellite-based sensors. For lidar observations of clouds and aerosols, multiple scattering plays an important role in the scattering process. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to investigate the sensitivity of lidar backscattering depolarization to cloud and aerosol properties. Lidar parameters are chosen to be similar to those of the upcoming space-based CALIPSO lidar. Cases are considered that consist of a single cloud or aerosol layer, as well as a case in which cirrus clouds overlay different types of aerosols. It is demonstrated that besides thermodynamic cloud phase, the depolarized lidar signal may provide additional information on ice or aerosol particle shapes. However, our results show little sensitivity to ice or aerosol particle sizes. Additionally, for the case of multiple but overlapping layers involving both clouds and aerosols, the depolarized lidar contains information that can help identify the particle properties of each layer.     

Effects of Si doping on the structural and electrical properties of Ge2Sb2Te5 films for phase change random access memory

The effects of Si doping on the structural and electrical properties of Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ film are studied in detail. Electrical properties and thermal stability can be improved by doping small amount of Si in the Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ film. The addition of Si in the Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ film results in the increase of both crystallization temperature and phase-transition temperature from face-centered cubic (fcc) phase to hexagonal (hex) phase, however, decreases the melting point slightly. The crystallization activation energy reaches a maximum at 4.1 at.% and then decreases with increasing dopant concentration. The electrical conduction activation energy increases with the dopant concentration, which may be attributed to the increase of strong covalent bonds in the film. The resistivity of Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ film shows a significant increase with Si doping. When doping 11.8 at.% of Si in the film, the resistivity after 460 °C annealing increases from 1 to 11 mΩ cm compared to the undoped Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ film. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics show Si doping may increase the dynamic resistance, which is helpful to writing current reduction of phase-change random access memory.     

类氢类氦类锂镁离子双电子复合的旁观电子角动量研究

类氢类氦类锂镁离子经中间双激发态进行的双电子复合过程在研究惯性约束聚变电子温度中占有很重要的地位.用准相对论方法计算了双电子复合经不同Rydberg态跃迁通道的复合速率系数,并给出不同离化度离子的双电子复合速率系数随电子温度的变化规律.显示出离子的相关能对峰值的电子温度有很大影响,当类氢离子跃迁通道的旁观电子角动量为1时双电子复合系数最大,而类锂离子是旁观电子角动量为3时最大. 关键词： 双电子复合 镁离子 角动量     

有界连通区域上Dirichlet空间及其算子

本文主要讨论了有界连通区域Dirichlet空间上Toeplitz算子的Fredholm性质,计算了符号在C1中的Toeplitz算子的本性谱和Fredholm指标．     

Spectrum Simulation of Li-Like Aluminium Plasma

X-ray emission spectra for L-shell of Li-like aluminium ions are simulated by using the flexible atomic code based on the collisional radiative model. Atomic processes including radiative recombination, dielectronic recombination, collisional ionization and resonance excitation from the neighbouring ion （Al^9＋ and Al^11＋ ） charge states of the target ion （Al^10＋） are considered in the model. In addition, the contributions of different atomic processes to the x-ray spectrum are analysed. The results show that dielectronic recombination, radiative recombination, collisional ionization and resonance excitation, other than direct collisional excitation, are very important processes.     

Comparison of the boundary theory with the contact rule of phase regions and Gupta’s method

The phase boundary theory and the contact rule of phase regions are compared, and some weaknesses of the latter are manifested. The comparison between the Gupta’s method and the boundary theory method for constructing multicomponent isobaric sections is also presented.     

Growth of NaBi（WO4）2 Dendrite and Mechanism

The solid-liquid interface motion of NaBi（WO4）2 （NBWO） melt crystal growth is observed in an in situ system, in which the whole processes of interface transition from fiat interface and cellular to dendrite are visualized. The spacing of the dendrite under smaller temperature gradient turns out to be larger than that under larger temperature gradient, which is found to be sensitive to the temperature distribution. The mechanism of dendrite growth of NBWO is studied based on the model of the growth units of anion coordination polyhedra. The { 001} face has two apex links, so it shows higher stability and has high growth rate and forms the arm of dendrite, whereas the {010} face has only one apex link, and thus shows relative slower growth rate and firstly forms the branches.     

Dynamical Properties of Potassium Ion Channels with a Hierarchical Model

It is well known that potassium ion channels have higher permeability than K ions, and the permeable rate of a single K ion channel is about 108 ions per second. We develop a hierarchical model of potassium ion channel permeation involving ab initio quantum calculations and Brownian dynamics simulations, which can consistently explain a range of channel dynamics. The results show that the average velocity of K ions, the mean permeable time of K ions and the permeable rate of single channel are about 0.92nm/ns, 4.35ns and 2.30 ×10^8 ions/s, respectively.     

Paper-like Microfibrous Nickel Catalyst for Hydrogen Production via NH3 Decomposition in Fuel Cell Applications

Recently, miniature H2 generator to power fuel cells for portable/micro electronic devices and passenger propulsion has been the focus of intense research activities1-3. One of the strategies is to find simple CO-free H2 production with novel microreactor…     

System dependence of the correlation function of IMFs in Ar + Sn at 35 MeV/u

The inclusive reduced velocity correlation functions of the intermediate mass fragments were measured in the reactions of ³⁶Ar + ^112,124Sn at 35 MeV/u. The anti-correlation is observed to be stronger in ³⁶Ar + ¹²⁴Sn system than that in ³⁶Ar + ¹¹²Sn. The difference of the correlation functions between the two reactions is mainly contributed by the particle pairs with high momenta. A three body Coulomb repulsive trajectory model is employed to calculate the emission time scale of the IMFs for the two systems. The time scale is 150 fm/c in ³⁶Ar + ¹¹²Sn and 120 fm/c in the ³⁶Ar + ¹²⁴Sn, respectively.