全文获取类型
收费全文 | 39535篇 |
免费 | 6796篇 |
国内免费 | 6237篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 29273篇 |
晶体学 | 661篇 |
力学 | 2291篇 |
综合类 | 511篇 |
数学 | 4778篇 |
物理学 | 15054篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 80篇 |
2023年 | 603篇 |
2022年 | 1143篇 |
2021年 | 1373篇 |
2020年 | 1517篇 |
2019年 | 1590篇 |
2018年 | 1386篇 |
2017年 | 1390篇 |
2016年 | 1884篇 |
2015年 | 2009篇 |
2014年 | 2538篇 |
2013年 | 3144篇 |
2012年 | 3564篇 |
2011年 | 3891篇 |
2010年 | 2904篇 |
2009年 | 2864篇 |
2008年 | 3187篇 |
2007年 | 2715篇 |
2006年 | 2511篇 |
2005年 | 2029篇 |
2004年 | 1608篇 |
2003年 | 1259篇 |
2002年 | 1375篇 |
2001年 | 1059篇 |
2000年 | 911篇 |
1999年 | 725篇 |
1998年 | 507篇 |
1997年 | 400篇 |
1996年 | 440篇 |
1995年 | 328篇 |
1994年 | 258篇 |
1993年 | 233篇 |
1992年 | 194篇 |
1991年 | 181篇 |
1990年 | 132篇 |
1989年 | 136篇 |
1988年 | 91篇 |
1987年 | 74篇 |
1986年 | 77篇 |
1985年 | 61篇 |
1984年 | 30篇 |
1983年 | 33篇 |
1982年 | 22篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 7篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1957年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
161.
The influence of hydrogen bonds on the physical and chemical properties of hydrogen bonding fluid system of A a D d type is investigated from two viewpoints by the principle of statistical mechanics. In detail, we proposed two new ways that can be used to obtain the equilibrium size distribution of the hydrogen bonding clusters, and derived the analytical expression of a relationship between the hydrogen bonding free energy and hydrogen bonding degree. For the nonlinear hydrogen bonding systems, it is shown that the sol-gel phase transition can take place under proper conditions, which is further proven to be a kind of geometrical phase transition rather than a thermodynamic one. Moreover, several problems associated with the geometrical phase transition and liquid-solid phase transition in nonlinear hydrogen bonding systems are discussed. 相似文献
162.
Yong‐Jin Kim Jin‐Woong Kim Jung‐Eun Lee Jee‐Hyun Ryu Junoh Kim Ih‐Seop Chang Kyung‐Do Suh 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2004,42(22):5627-5635
Mesoporous polymer microspheres with gold (Au) nanoparticles inside their pores were prepared considering their surface functionality and porosity. The Au/polymer composite microspheres prepared were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The results showed that the adsorption of Au nanoparticles could be increased by imparting the pore structure and surface‐functional groups into the supporting polymer microspheres (in this study, poly (ethylene glycol dimethacrylate‐co‐acrylonitrile) and poly (EGDMA‐co‐AN) system). Above all, from this study, it was established that the porosity of the polymer microspheres is the most important factor that determines the distribution and adsorption amount of face‐centered cubic (fcc) Au nanoparticles in the final products. Our study showed that the continuous adsorption of Au nanoparticles with the aid of the large surface area and surface interaction sites formed more favorably the Au/polymer composite microspheres. The BET measurements of Au/poly(EGDMA‐co‐AN) composite microspheres reveals that the adsorption of Au nanoparticles into the pores kept the pore structure intact and made it more porous. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5627–5635, 2004 相似文献
163.
Yong Joon Park Min Gyu KimYoung-Sik Hong Xianglan WuKwang Sun Ryu Soon Ho Chang 《Solid State Communications》2003,127(7):509-514
Li[NixLi(1/3−2x/3)Mn(2/3−x/3)]O2 (X=0.17, 0.25, 0.33, 0.5) compounds are prepared by a simple combustion method. The Rietvelt analysis shows that these compounds could be classified as having the α-NaFeO2 structure. The initial charge-discharge and irreversible capacity increases with the decrease of x in Li[NixLi(1/3−2x/3)Mn(2/3−x/3)]O2. Indeed, Li[Ni0.50Mn0.50]O2 compound shows relatively low initial discharge capacity of 200 mAh/g and large capacity loss during cycling, with Li[Ni0.17Li0.22Mn0.61]O2 and Li[Ni0.25Li0.17Mn0.58]O2 compounds exhibit high initial discharge capacity over 245 mAh/g and stable cycle performance in the voltage range of 4.8 -2.0 V. On the other hand, XANES analysis shows that the oxidation state of Ni ion reversibly changes between Ni2+ and about Ni3+, while the oxidation state of Mn ion sustains Mn4+ during charge-discharge process. This result does not agree with the previously reported ‘electrochemistry model’ of Li[NixLi(1/3−2x/3)Mn(2/3−x/3)]O2, in which Ni ion changes between Ni2+ and NI4+. Based on these results, we modified oxidation-state change of Mn and Ni ion during charge-discharge process. 相似文献
164.
通过对爆炸抛撒图象的处理,得到液体界面的曲线.采用盒维数的计算方式,计算界面曲线的分形维数.通过对各时刻液体界面分形维数的变化研究,分析爆炸抛撒近场阶段的变化过程,同时观察到蘑菇状尖顶的出现与破碎,以及空化区域的形成和消失现象。 相似文献
165.
166.
Fang Yao 《Journal of multivariate analysis》2007,98(1):40-56
The estimation of a regression function by kernel method for longitudinal or functional data is considered. In the context of longitudinal data analysis, a random function typically represents a subject that is often observed at a small number of time points, while in the studies of functional data the random realization is usually measured on a dense grid. However, essentially the same methods can be applied to both sampling plans, as well as in a number of settings lying between them. In this paper general results are derived for the asymptotic distributions of real-valued functions with arguments which are functionals formed by weighted averages of longitudinal or functional data. Asymptotic distributions for the estimators of the mean and covariance functions obtained from noisy observations with the presence of within-subject correlation are studied. These asymptotic normality results are comparable to those standard rates obtained from independent data, which is illustrated in a simulation study. Besides, this paper discusses the conditions associated with sampling plans, which are required for the validity of local properties of kernel-based estimators for longitudinal or functional data. 相似文献
167.
Charge density fluctuation of low frequency in a dusty plasma 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The charge density fluctuation of low frequency in a dusty plasma, which is derived from the longitudinal dielectric permittivity
of the dusty plasma, has been studied by kinetic theory. The results show that theP value, which describes the relative charge density on the dust in the plasma, and the charging frequency of a dust particle
Ω
c
, which describes the ratio of charge changing of the dust particles, determine the character of the charge density fluctuation
of low frequency. For a dusty plasma ofP≪1, when the charging frequency Ω
c
, is much smaller than the dusty plasma frequency ωd, there is a strong charge density fluctuation which is of character of dust acoustic eigenwave. For a dusty plasma ofP≫1, when the frequency Ω
c
, is much larger than ω
d
there are weaker fluctuations with a wide spectrum. The results have been applied to the ionosphere and the range of radius
and density of dust particles is found, where a strong charge density fluctuation of low frequency should exist. 相似文献
168.
用于曲面精密检测的新型光纤三角传感器研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
基于光纤传感技术和三角测量方法,提出了一种用于曲面检测的新型光纤三角传感器。根据所设计的轮辐式接收光纤结构,可以在测量曲面与传感头间位移时,首先获取被测点处微面元的倾斜信息,以便对传感器测量值进行实时误差修正,从而解决了被测表面倾斜对坐标测量带来的影响。该传感器还能有效地消除环境光干扰、光源波动、表面反射率变化等对测量带来的影响。建立了传感器测量的数学模型。理论分析和初步的实验结果证明了系统的有效性和实用性。该传感器系统不稳定性好于0.3%,横向分辨率好于8μm,高度分辨率好于0.1μm。 相似文献
169.
170.
We measured the time decay of the magnetic moment of high Tc superconductors YBa2Cu3O7-δ ceramic samples and found the memory effect which has hitherto been reported only in single crystals. The temperature and field ranges, especially the memory phenomenon in ceramic samples at liquid nitrogen temperature can only be understood in a combined picture of both flux creep and glass behaviour 相似文献