Effect of La_2O_3/γAl_2O_3 Catalyst on the Activation of CH_4 and CO_2 to C_02 Hydrocarbons under Non-equilibrium Plasma

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) to C2 hydrocarbons using carbon dioxide as oxidant is an attractive process from environmental point of view. Only a few research papers reported for it1-3. In general, the yield of C2 hydrocarbons was about 6%. This indicated that the method of catalytic activation was unfavorable to the reaction. It is necessary for us to find a new method in order to activate reaction and improve C2 hydrocarbon yield. Non-equilibrium plasma is a cold plasma in…     

Underpotential Deposition Study and Determination of Bismuth on Gold Electrode by Using Voltammetry

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Inorganic—Organic Hybrid 18—Molybdodiphosphate Nanoparticles Bullk—modified Carbon Paste Electrode and Its Electrocatalysis

A kind of inorganic‐organic hybrid 18‐molybdodiphosphate nanoparticles ([(C₄H₉)₄N]₆P₂Mo₁₈Q₆₂·4H₂O) was firstly used as a bulk‐modifier to fabricate a three‐dimensional chemically modified carbon paste electrode (CPE) by direct mixing. The electrochemical behavior of the solid nanoparticles dispersed in the CPE in acidic aqueous solution was characterized by cyclic and square‐wave voltammetry. The hybrid 18‐molybdodiphosphate nanoparticles bulk‐modified CPE (MNP‐CPE) displayed a high electrocatalytic activity towards the reduction of nitrite, bromate and hydrogen peroxide. The remarkable advantages of the MNP‐CPE over the traditional polyoxometalates‐modified electrodes are their excellent reproducibility of surface‐renewal and high stability owing to the insolubility of the hybrid 18‐molybdodiphosphate nanoparticles.     

6-甲氧基-2-丙酰基萘在醇溶剂中的溴化反应

室温下，6－甲氧基－2－丙酰基萘和1，3－二溴－5，5－二甲基海因的溴化反应在醇溶剂中，反应速度快、转化率高，生成5－溴－6－甲氧基－2－丙酰基萘的收率高（98．59％）。     

苯在Si(111)-7*7表面化学吸附的理论研究

采用两种大小不同的原子簇模型Si_(30)H_(28)和Si_(13)H_(16),分别用两层 ONIOM方法（对较大原子簇）和普通量子化学方法（对较小原子族）考察了苯分子 在Si(111)-7 * 7表面的化学吸附。对三种可能的吸附物种分别用DFT或HF方法进行 了计算。通过大小原子簇吸附物种的吸附能以及几何构型优化参数的比较发现,对 于稳定的吸附物种,较小的原子簇基本上可以代替较大的原子簇进行计算,而对于 不太稳定的吸附物种,就不得不考虑周边原子的影响。计算结果表明苯在Si(111)- 7 * 7表面的主要吸附种是双σ成键的1,4加成产物,不稳定的单吸附物种可能是 1,4加成物种的前驱态。     

Spectrophotometric determination of lead in vegetables with dibromo-p-methyl-carboxysulfonazo

A new highly sensitive and selective chromogenic reagent dibromo-p-methyl-carboxysulfonazo (DBMCSA) was synthesized and studied for the spectrophotometric determination of lead in detail. In 0.25 M phosphoric acid medium, which greatly increases the selectivity, lead reacts with DBMCSA to form a 1:2 blue complex, having a sensitive absorption peak at 648 nm. Under the optimal conditions, Beer's law is obeyed over the range from 0 to 0.8 μg ml⁻¹ Pb(II) and the apparent molar absorptivity is 1.04×10⁵ l mol⁻¹ cm⁻¹. The detection limit and the variation coefficient were found to be 2.14 ng ml⁻¹ and 1.0%, respectively. It is found that, except for Ca(II) and Ba(II), all foreign ions studied do not interfere with determination. The interference caused by Ca(II) and Ba(II) can be easily eliminated by prior extraction with potassium iodide-methylisobutylketone. The method has been applied to the determination of lead in vegetables with satisfactory results.     

Theoretical studies on the structures, heats of formation, energetic properties and pyrolysis mechanisms of nitrogen-rich difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-e]piperazine derivatives and their analogues

The molecular structure, heats of formation, energetic properties, strain energy and thermal stability for a series of substituted difurazano[3,4-b:3′,4′-e]piperazines and their analogues were studied using density functional theory. The results show that it is a useful way to increase the heat of formation values of energetic compounds by incorporating a five- or six-membered aromatic heterocycle to construct a fused ring system. The calculated detonation properties reveal that introducing one heterocycle to construct a fused ring structure greatly enhances their detonation properties. The substitution of the –NF₂, –NO₂ or –NHNO₂ group is very useful for enhancing the detonation performance for the substituted derivatives. According to molecular structure and natural bond orbital analysis, the introduction of the –NO₂, –NF₂ or –NHNO₂ group decreases the stability of the substituted derivative. There is a weak N–NO₂ bond conjugation in the NO₂-substituted derivatives. An analysis of the bond dissociation energies for several relatively weak bonds suggests that all the unsubstituted derivatives have good thermal stability, but the substitution of –NO₂ or –NF₂ remarkably decreases their stability. Considering the detonation performance and thermal stability, eight compounds may be considered as the potential candidates of high-energy density materials with less sensitivity.     

Controlled radical emulsion polymerization of polystyrene

In this paper, a new water-soluble initiator system, 2-bromopropane/CuSO₄/sodium ascorbate, was used as the initiator for emulsion polymerization. Radical emulsion polymerization of styrene was successfully carried out at 80 °C by using sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate as the emulsifier. The 2-bromopropane/CuSO₄/sodium ascorbate-initiated emulsion polymerization shows the controlled free-radical polymerization features with linear growth of molecular weight. Polystyrene with a relatively high molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution can be synthesized by this method. On the other hand, stable polystyrene latex can be obtained, and the size of the polystyrene latex increased with the increase in monomer conversion.     

A Microwave‐assisted Headspace Solid‐phase Microextraction for Rapid Determination of Synthetic Polycyclic and Nitro‐aromatic Musks in Fish Samples

Rapid solvent‐free microwave‐assisted headspace solid‐phase microextraction (MA‐HS‐SPME) coupled with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) was developed to determine synthetic polycyclic and nitro‐aromatic musks in fish samples. Four commonly used synthetic musks, galaxolide (HHCB), tonalide (AHTN), musk xylene (MX) and musk ketone (MK) were employed in the method development and validation. The parameters (microwave irradiation time, irradiation power, amount of water addition, pH value and addition of NaCl) affecting the extraction efficiency of analytes from fish slurry were systematically investigated and optimized. The best extraction conditions were achieved when the fish sample 2‐g mixed with 4‐mL methanol and 15‐mL deionized water (containing 4 g of NaCl, pH 2.0 in a 40‐mL sample‐vial) was microwave irradiated at 80 watt for 5 min. The limits of quantification (LOQ) were 0.4 to 1.2 ng/g in 2‐g of wet tissue. The precision for these analytes, as indicated by relative standard deviations, were less than 9% for both intra‐ and inter‐day analysis. Accuracy, expressed as the mean extraction recovery, was between 80 to 92%. A standard addition method was used to quantitate these four synthetic musks, and the total concentrations ranged from 2.1 to 23.1 ng/g in various fish samples.     

Self‐assembly of Carbon Particles as a Heat Sink Coating to Promote Radiative Cooling

Novel composite carbon particles are developed that can self‐assemble as a coating on a substrate without a binder. These carbon particles were used as a coating to enhance thermal dissipation and their thermal conductivity, surface emissivity and cooling performance were measured. Carbon particles with both thiol and epoxy functional groups self‐assembled to form a coating on the surface of a heat sink without a binder, which greatly improved the thermal conductivity of the coating. Coating a heat sink with the carbon particles yielded a higher thermal conductivity and emissivity than could be obtained with the addition of binder in the conventional approach, and significantly enhanced the cooling performance. In addition, the cooling performance of the carbon nanotube outperformed all other particles when coated on a substrate, because it had the highest thermal conductivity and good radiation emissivity. We developed an equation to describe the various parameters affecting the cooling performance of the thermally dissipative coating. This equation was confirmed by the experimental data.