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Yasushi Yokoya 《Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena》2010,239(3-4):207-213
We studied the nature of fluctuations around the phase transition of vehicular traffic by analyzing a time series of successive variations of velocity, obtained from single-vehicle data measured by an onboard apparatus. We found that the probability density function calculated from the time series of variation of velocity is transformed irreversibly in the critical region, where a Gaussian distribution changes into a Lévy stable symmetrical distribution. The power-law tail in the Lévy distribution indicated that the time series of velocity variation exhibits the nature of the critical fluctuations generally observed in phase transitions driven far from equilibrium. Furthermore, single-vehicle data enabled us to calculate the time evolution of the local flux–density relation, which suggested that the vehicular traffic system spontaneously approaches a delicate balance between metastable states and congested-flow states. The nature of fluctuations enables us to understand mechanisms behind the spontaneous decay of the metastable branch at the phase transition. The power-law tail in the probability density function suggests that dynamical processes of vehicular traffic in the critical region are related to a time-discrete stochastic process driven by random amplification with additive external noise. 相似文献
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本文利用荧光光谱和园二色光谱了新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠过程。结果显示:新开花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠是一个只包含天然蛋白和变性终态的二态过程,与已经报道的天花粉蛋白的盐酸胍去折叠的过程不同。 相似文献
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R. Yoshida H. Okazaki K. Iwai K. Noami T. Muro M. Okawa K. Ishizaka S. Shin Z. Li J.L. Luo G.-Q. Zheng T. Oguchi M. Hirai Y. Muraoka T. Yokoya 《Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications》2009,469(15-20):1034-1036
We present the data from ultrahigh-resolution laser-excited photoemission spectroscopy on a newly discovered noncentrosymmetric superconductor Mg10Ir19B16. We observed the evidences for the opening of superconducting gap where numerical fittings show that isotropic s-wave model can satisfactorily explain the behavior of spectra near the Fermi level. We also present the valence band photoemission spectrum and B K fluorescence spectrum to discuss the basic electronic structure of Mg10Ir19B16. 相似文献
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Masashi Yokoya Kimiko Shinada-Fujino Saiko Yoshida Masahiro Mimura Hiroki Takada Naoki Saito 《Tetrahedron》2012,68(22):4166-4181
An improved total synthesis of (±)-renieramycin G (1g) from readily available 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (7) in 21 steps (6.3% overall yield) is described. The synthesis features the concise construction of a pentacyclic framework using the stereoselective Pictet–Spengler type cyclization reaction of lactam (25) with ethyl diethoxyacetate, followed by the base-catalyzed epimerization of the C-1 stereo center of aldehyde (30a). The results of cytotoxicity studies are also presented. 相似文献
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Review of nanofluids for heat transfer applications 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Saeid Vafaei 《中国颗粒学报》2009,7(2)
Research on nanofluids has progressed rapidly since its enhanced thermal conductivity was first repotted about a decade ago,though much controversy and inconsistency have been reported,and insufficient understanding of the formulation and mechanism of nanofluids further limits their applications.This work presents a critical review of research on heat transfer applications of nanofluids with the aim of identifying the limiting factors so as to push forward their further development. 相似文献
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Toshiyuki Taniuchi Hiroshi Kumigashira Masato Kubota Takanori Wakita Takanori Yokoya Kanta Ono Masaharu Oshima Mikk Lippmaa Hideomi Koinuma 《Surface science》2007,601(20):4690-4693
We have used photoelectron emission microscopy (PEEM) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) to study the effect of thin film thickness on the magnetic domain formation in La0.6Sr0.4MnO3 samples that were epitaxially grown on stepped SrTiO3 (0 0 1) substrates. The magnetic image exhibited a stripe structure elongated along the step direction, irrespective of film thickness, suggesting that uniaxial magnetic anisotropy induced by step-and-terrace structures plays an important role in the magnetic domain formation. Additional domains evolved gradually with increasing film thickness. In these domains, the direction of magnetization differed from the step direction due to biaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy. The evolution of additional magnetic domains with increasing film thickness implies that a competition exists between the two anisotropies in LSMO films. 相似文献
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Vijay NS Bhagawati-Prasad Evy De Leenheer Nadine P Keefe Lorna A Ryan Jennifer Carlring Andrew W Heath 《Journal of immune based therapies and vaccines》2010,8(1):1
Active vaccination can be effective as a post-exposure prophylaxis, but the rapidity of the immune response induced, relative
to the incubation time of the pathogen, is critical. We show here that CD40mAb conjugated to antigen induces a more rapid
specific antibody response than currently used immunological adjuvants, alum and monophosphoryl lipid A™. 相似文献