Multiparticle unitarity and diffractive amplitudes

Generalizing the results of previous work, an explicit construction of elastic and inelastic diffractive amplitudes through multiparticle unitarity is given starting from a simple parametrization of non-diffractive production amplitudes. The energy dependent interference mechanism which has been previously shown to be essential to produce the diffraction peak in the elastic process is now seen to be also responsible, in a natural way, for the leading particle effect which dominates production yields.     

A design of fluorescent probes for superoxide based on a nonredox mechanism

Fluorometric detection of O2-* is performed based on desulfonylation of 3 to the corresponding fluoresceins 4 through nucleophilic substitution, and this fluorescing process is quite specific toward O2-* over H2O2, t-BuOOH, NaOCl, 1O2, HO*, NO*, and ONOO-. Furthermore, effects of glutathione, cytochrome P450 reductase/NADPH, and diaphorase/NADH are relatively small on the fluorescing process of probe 3 with X = Y = F, which is useful to detect O2-* released from neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate with satisfactory sensitivity.     

Coherent potential approximation to order-disorder transition in binary alloys

A band theory of order-disorder transition in an AB alloy is studied using the locator formalism in the coherent potential approximation. The influence of the difference in the band widths of A and B metals on the transition temperature is discussed.     

Synthesis of polymer containing lipoic acid as a polymeric reagent for acyl transfer

Lipoic acid was immobilized on crosslinked polystyrene beads to generate a polymeric reagent. The acyl transfer reaction of the p-nitrobenzoyl group from the polymer-bound lipoic acid to cyclohexylamine was investigated spectrophotometrically and was compared with a monomeric model compound. The acceleration effect of silver ion on the acyl transfer reaction also was studied.     

Anomalously high metallization pressure of solid neon

The equation of state of solid fcc neon at T = 0 K is calculated by the local density functional theory in the muffin-tin approximation. The calculated equation of state is in good agreement with Hawke et al.'s experimental value at about 6 Mbar by magnetic flux compression and also agrees remarkably well with that by the quantum statistical model in the region of extremely high pressures. If no structural phase transition occurs up to metallization, solid neon becomes metallic at a molar volume of 0.256 cm³/mole or at a pressure of 1.58 × 10³ Mbar. This is the highest metallization pressure ever reported.     

Low-temperature heat capacity of room-temperature ionic liquid, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide

Heat capacities of liquid, stable crystal, and liquid-quenched glass of a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluromethylsulfonyl)imide were measured between 5 and 310 K by adiabatic calorimetry. Heat capacity of the liquid at 298.15 K was determined for an IUPAC project as (631.6 +/- 0.5) J K(-1) mol(-1). Fusion was observed at T(fus) = 272.10 K for the stable crystalline phase, with enthalpy and entropy of fusion of 28.34 kJ mol(-1) and 104.2 J K(-1) mol(-1), respectively. The purity of the sample was estimated as 99.83 mol % by the fractional melting method. The liquid could be supercooled easily and the glass transition was observed around T(g) approximately 183 K, which was in agreement with the empirical relation, T(g) approximately ((2)/(3)) T(fus). The heat capacity of the liquid-quenched glass was larger than that of the crystal as a whole. In the lowest temperature region, however, the difference between the two showed a maximum around 6 K and a minimum around 15 K, at which the heat capacity of the glass was a little smaller than that of crystal.