H2 plasma development of X-ray imaged patterns on plasma-polymerized resists

An X-ray imaged pattern on a plasma-polymerized film was successfully developed by H₂ plasma etching. Plasma-polymerized MMA and 6FBMA were formed by using an inductively coupled argon flow type reactor. An X-ray imaged pattern on the film was attained through a knife-cut window of a gold plate. The X-ray was generated from a Cu target at 20 kV and main wavelength 1.54 Å. The pattern development was performed using a tubular type reactor with parallel plate electrodes. The quality of plasma-polymerized resists in an X-ray lithography was evaluated by comparing it with the conventional polymer in the dry and wet process, and the minimum dose rate for a visible pattern fabrication was measured to be 4.1 J/cm² for both resists in H₂ plasma etching development.     

Self-avoiding paths on the pre-Sierpinski gasket

Summary We study a statistical mechanics of self-avoiding paths on the pre-Sierpinski gasket. We first show the existence of the thermodynamic limit of the (appropriately scaled) free energy. Then we show that there are two domains in the weight parameters (i.e. two phases) between which the scaling differs; i.e. there is a certain kind of phase transition in our model, and we find the critical exponents of the free energy at the phase transition point. We also show the convergence of the distribution of the scaled length of the paths at thermodynamic limit.     

Emission cross sections for the laser lines of I+ by electron-I2-molecule collisions

We have measured the emission cross sections for the fifteen spectral lines of I⁺ by single electron impact on I₂ molecules, which include the laser lines of the positive column He-I⁺ laser. The measured values are of the order of 10^-19 to 10^-20 cm².     

Structure of sporogen-ao 1, a sporogenic substance of aspergillus oryzae

A sporogenic substance, sporogen-AO 1, isolated from the culture broth of Aspergillus oryzae(NOY-2) has been shown to have the structure 1. The structure was elucidated using spectroscopic methods, especially by long range selective proton decoupling in the gated decoupled ¹³C nmr spectrum and with difference nuclear Overhauser effect techniques.     

Comparative study on pore structures of mesoporous ZSM-5 from resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogel and carbon aerogel templating

Resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels and carbon aerogels of different mesoporosities have been used as templates for preparing bimodal zeolites of mesopores. Samples were thoroughly characterized with X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption at 77 K, as well as FT-IR spectroscopy and (29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites have additional mesopores of 9-25 nm in widths and 0.07-0.2 cm(3)/g in volumes, besides their perfect inherent micropores. Experimental results show the mesoporous systems of the finally obtained zeolites can be influenced by proper preparation of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels and carbon aerogels through solution chemistry. Consequently, zeolites of tunable mesoporosities can be prepared with this unique methodology.     

Determination of local anaesthetics in body fluids by gas chromatography with surface ionization detection

Ten local anaesthetics were tested for their detection by gas chromatography (GC)-surface ionization detection (SID). Lidocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine were detected with the highest sensitivity; their detection limit was 5-10 pg in an injected volume. The sensitivity of other drugs, such as procaine, dibucaine tetracaine and oxybuprocaine, was an order of magnitude lower than that of the above three local anaesthetics. A detailed procedure for isolation of local anaesthetics from human whole blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) by the use of Sep-Pak C18 cartridges, before the GC-SID, is also presented. The recovery of lidocaine, mepivacaine and bupivacaine, which had been added to 1 ml of whole blood or CSF, was close to 100%.     

FTIR studies of the CH3CN–BF3 complex in solid Ar, N2, and Xe: Matrix effects on vibrational spectra

FTIR spectra of the four isotopically substituted 1:1 complexes of acetonitrile and boron trifluoride were recorded in Ar, N₂ and Xe matrices. In Ar, previously unreported three vibrational modes of the complex were clearly observed. Several significant vibrational bands were also observed in N₂ and Xe. The observed frequency shifts on complexation, Δν, were qualitatively in good agreement with the computational results, which were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level using the optimized geometry of the C_3v eclipsed conformation. The observed magnitudes of Δν for most of the complex bands were larger than the calculated values. The BF₃ symmetric deformation mode is an exception. The observed frequency shits for this mode were smaller than the calculated values, especially in N₂. This suggests that even an inert matrix can significantly affect the vibrational spectrum of the complex.     

Reaction between ethanol and silicon–hydrogen of poly(p-vinylphenyldimethylsilane)

A kinetic approach to the polymer reaction, with KOH as catalyst, between ethanol and poly(p-vinylphenyldimethylsilane) containing silicon–hydrogen as a functional group on the side chain was carried out. The rate equation was obtained by measuring the initial rate of the model reaction as v = k[KOH] [SiH] [EtOH] in benzene and v = k[KOH] [SiH] in methyl ethyl ketone. It was observed that the rate of reaction was affected by the polarity of the solvents. In the polymer reaction the rate constant decreased markedly with increasing ethanol concentration. A change of viscosity of the polymer in various solvents was observed to have a good correlation with the decrease in reaction rate in corresponding solvents. In mixed solvents, consisting of both good and poor solvents for the polymers, the reaction rate depended upon two factors, the entanglement of the polymer chain and the polarity of the solvents. The equivalent globular model of the polymer chain is suggested for study of the polymer reaction. A schematic local-distribution curve of the reaction species is proposed.     

Bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide: the first liquid sulfur-transferring agent useful for conversion of nucleoside phosphites to the phosphorothioates

This paper describes bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, which is the first liquid sulfur-transferring agent useful for the conversion of nucleoside phosphite intermediates in the synthesis of the phosphorothioates using a phosphoramidite strategy. This liquid reagent is preferable to existing solid sulfur-transferring agents, because it enables solid-phase synthesis with an automated DNA/RNA synthesizer, while avoiding the risk of accumulation of reagent deposits in the delivery tubes and valves of the synthesizer during sulfurization.