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961.
962.
Monica R. P. Rao Shital Aghav Girish Sukre Manmeet Kumar 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2014,35(2):161-167
The required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of an oily substance indicates the HLB of the surfactants required to prepare a stable emulsion using the oil. This study utilizes empirical method to calculate required HLB (RHLB) of Capryol 90 using surfactant blends (Span 20, Tween 20, vitamin E TPGS, Pluronic F68, Span 60, and Tween 80). The methods used were assessment of degree of creaming after centrifugation and after shelf storage for 28 days at room temperature, turbidimetric method, accelerated stability study, and droplet size analysis. The droplet size was found to be in the range of 15 to 2 µm and v/v% separation after centrifugation was found to be 0–82%. The RHLB for Capryol 90 was found to be 15. The effect of various surfactant blends was investigated. Results revealed that a blend of tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS) and Pluronic F68 gave the most stable emulsion for Capryol 90. 相似文献
963.
Naveen Kumar 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2014,35(2):205-214
Dimeric surfactants also known as gemini surfactants have received lots of attention for high performance formulations in the various scientific and commercial products. Due to the greater amount of hydrocarbon per molecule, the critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of dimeric are typically one order of magnitude lower than the corresponding monomeric surfactant. They are ten to hundred times more efficient at reducing the surface tension of water and the interfacial tension of the oil-water interface than conventional surfactants. Besides, the Krafft temperatures of gemini surfactants with hydrophilic spacers are generally very low giving these surfactants the capacity to be used in cold water. These surfactants display a range of interesting properties, including elevated surface activity, extremely low CMC and extraordinary rheology and self-assimilation aspect. As a consequence of these properties, they have many potential applications include detergents and cleaning agents, cosmetics, textile, and dyeing, dispersion stabilization and emulsion polymerization, genetics science, pharmaceutical, and biological applications. 相似文献
964.
Mahendra Yadav Sushil Kumar Rajesh Ranjan Sinha Sumit Kumar 《Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology》2014,35(12):1751-1763
Imidazole derivatives, namely, 1-((1-(piperazinomethyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2-phenylhydrazine (PBIP), and 1-((1-(morpholinomethyl)-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)methyl)-2-phenylhydrazine (MBIP) were synthesized and investigated as inhibitors for mild steel corrosion in 15% HCl solution using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. It was found that the inhibition efficiency of both the inhibitors increases with increase in concentration of inhibitors and decreases with increase in temperature. The inhibitors, PBIP and MBIP, show corrosion inhibition efficiency of 92.6% and 91.4% at 300 ppm concentration, respectively, at 303 K. Polarization studies showed that both the studied inhibitors were of mixed type in nature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed for surface study of uninhibited and inhibited mild steel samples. The semi-empirical AM1 method was employed for theoretical calculations. 相似文献
965.
J. S. Samantray Sunil Goswami V. K. Sharma Jayashree Biswal H. J. Pant 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,302(2):979-982
A radiotracer investigation was carried out in a diesel hydrotreater (DHDT) unit in a refinery for leak detection in a breech-lock heat exchanger system. The main objectives of the study were to identify the leaking heat exchanger in a system with six heat exchangers and estimate the leak rate. Bromine-82 as dibromobiphenyl was selected and used as radiotracer for the investigation. The radiotracer was instantaneously injected into the suction end of the feed pump line to the heat exchanger of the DHDT unit. The movement of the tracer was measured at strategically selected locations using NaI(Tl) scintillation detectors. Based upon the results of the radiotracer investigation, it was found that out of six heat exchangers, exchanger E-1F was leaking. 相似文献
966.
S. Maji Satendra Kumar K. Sankaran 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,302(3):1277-1281
A fluorescence based method has been developed for the determination of trace amounts of uranium in thorium matrix using a mixture of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), as fluorescence enhancing reagent for uranyl (UO2 2+) ion fluorescence. Synthetic samples mimicking the composition of ThO2 fuel were prepared and the concentration of U(VI) was estimated. Satisfactory results are obtained when uranium is present at a concentration of 10 ppm in solid thorium samples with good precision. 相似文献
967.
Debasmita Dash Shekhar Kumar C. Mallika U. Kamachi Mudali 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,301(3):685-694
Densities of the aqueous dilute solutions of rubidium, cesium, strontium, yttrium, and gallium nitrate were measured at different temperatures ranging from (293.15–343.15) K and atmospheric pressure. From these density values, the apparent molal volumes were calculated and fitted to Masson’s correlation and the temperature dependence was correlated by a second order polynomial. The apparent molal volumes at infinite dilution and experimental slopes have been interpreted in terms of ion–solvent and ion–ion interactions, respectively. The measurements include density as per ASTM D-4052, refractive index (nD25) at sodium D line at 25 °C. Thermal isobaric expansibility was calculated and structure making and structure breaking behaviour of electrolytes were inferred from the sign of the second derivative of apparent molal volumes with respect to temperature at constant pressure. The experimental apparent molal volume was compared with the available literature value. 相似文献
968.
S. Kumar S. U. Kasar R. K. Bajpai C. P. Kaushik R. Guin S. K. Das B. S. Tomar 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2014,300(1):45-49
Kinetics of sorption of Pu(IV) by smectite-rich clay has been studied at varying metal ion concentrations. Different concentrations were achieved using different isotopes of Pu, namely, 239Pu, 238Pu and 237Pu. 237Pu was produced by alpha induced reaction on 235U, followed by radiochemical separation of Pu from irradiated U3O8 target. The concentrations used are above and below the solubility of Pu(IV) under neutral pH conditions, thereby, indicating the mechanism of sorption reactions of Pu(IV) in typical laboratory experiments and field level observations. Kinetics of Pu(IV) at 10?13 M concentration was found to be fast whereas at higher metal concentration the rate is governed by a slow step, indicating the role of formation of Pu(IV) polymeric species at the sorbent surface. 相似文献
969.
Quality by design: A systematic and rapid liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry method for eprosartan mesylate and its related impurities using a superficially porous particle column 下载免费PDF全文
Pradipbhai D. Kalariya Murali V. N. Kumar Talluri Vinay D. Gaitonde Prashant S. Devrukhakar Ragampeta Srinivas 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(16):2160-2171
The present work describes the systematic development of a robust, precise, and rapid reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of eprosartan mesylate and its six impurities using quality‐by‐design principles. The method was developed in two phases, screening and optimization. During the screening phase, the most suitable stationary phase, organic modifier, and pH were identified. The optimization was performed for secondary influential parameters—column temperature, gradient time, and flow rate using eight experiments—to examine multifactorial effects of parameters on the critical resolution and generated design space representing the robust region. A verification experiment was performed within the working design space and the model was found to be accurate. This study also describes other operating features of the column packed with superficially porous particles that allow very fast separations at pressures available in most liquid chromatography instruments. Successful chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 7 min using a fused‐core C18 (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) column with linear gradient elution of 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) guidelines. The impurities were identified by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. 相似文献
970.
Samik K. Upadhaya Douglas R. Swanson Donald A. Tomalia Ajit Sharma 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2014,406(2):455-458
Polyamidoamine dendrimers have been studied extensively for their potential applications in nanomedicine. Their uses as imaging, drug, and nucleic acid delivery agents are nearing clinical trials. As such, characterization of polyamidoamine dendrimers and their nano-devices is of immense importance for monitoring the efficiency of their synthesis, purity, and quality control of manufactured products as well as their in vivo behavior. We report here the analysis of polyamidoamine dendrimers possessing various cores and surface groups with a simple and inexpensive isoelectric focusing method. The isoelectric points of the dendrimers were readily determined from a calibration plot generated by running proteins with known pI values. The isoelectric points for various surface-modified polyamidoamine dendrimers ranged from 4 to 9. Polyamidoamine dendrimers possessing terminal hydroxyl groups gave a pI?>?7, while those with terminal carboxyl groups exhibit a pI?<?7. Generation number and cores of the dendrimers did not significantly affect their isoelectric points. Isoelectric focusing thus offers another important tool for characterizing these nanomolecules. Figure
IEF of PAMAM dendrimers 相似文献