Dielectric shielded nanoscale patch laser resonators

Dielectric shielded nanoscale patch laser resonators are introduced. Low-index dielectric shield layers surrounding a high-index core are shown to significantly reduce both metal and radiation losses. Structures suitable for both optical and electrical pumping and smaller than the vacuum wavelength in all three dimensions are shown to have a low enough threshold gain to lase at room temperature. Shifting the gain medium core provides control over the radiation pattern of the resonator and enables coupling of the laser light into a waveguide, opening opportunities for chipscale integration.     

Characterization and oxidation behavior of NiCoCrAlY coating fabricated by electrophoretic deposition and vacuum heat treatment

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was showed to be a feasible and convenient method to fabricate NiCoCrAlY coatings on nickel based supperalloys. The microstructure and composition of the NiCoCrAlY coatings after vacuum heat treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). Isothermal-oxidation test was performed at 1100 °C in static air for 100 h. The results show that the major phases in electrophoretic deposited and vacuum heat treated NiCoCrAlY coating are γ-Ni and γ′-Ni₃Al phases, also there is an extremely small quantity of Al₂O₃ in the coating. Composition fluctuations occur in the coating and a certain amount of titanium diffuse from the superalloy substrate to the top of the coating during vacuum heat treatment. The oxidation test results exhibit that the oxidation kinetics of this coating has two typical stages. The protective oxide layer is mainly formed in the initial linear growth stage and then the oxide layer hinders further oxidation of the coating in the subsequent parabolic growth stage. The coating can effectively protect the superalloy substrate from oxidation. A certain amount of rutile TiO₂ is formed in the coating during oxidation and it is adverse to the oxidation resistance of the coating.     

Influence of superalloy substrate roughness on adhesion and oxidation behavior of magnetron-sputtered NiCoCrAlY coatings

The present study has been conducted in order to determine the influence of superalloy substrate roughness on adhesion and oxidation behavior of magnetron-sputtered NiCoCrAlY coatings. Six types of coating samples with different substrate roughness were tested. The surface roughness and real surface area of both the substrates and coatings were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The scratch tests performed at progressive loads were employed to evaluate the adhesion of the coatings. Cyclic oxidation tests were performed at 1100 °C in air for 50 cycles, each cycle consisting of 1 h heating in the tube furnace followed by 15 min cooling in the open air. The AFM measurements exhibit that the surface roughness of the sputtered NiCoCrAlY coating increases with the increasing of the superalloy substrate roughness. The NiCoCrAlY coatings present slightly lower roughness than the corresponding superalloy substrate. The scratch adhesion tests indicate that the coatings on substrates with a smoother surface possess better adhesion than on those with a rougher surface. Both the real surface area and oxidation weight gain of the coatings decrease with the decreasing of the superalloy substrate roughness. The NiCoCrAlY coating sputtered on the superalloy substrate with lower roughness provides relatively higher antioxidant protection than that provided by the coating with rougher substrate.     

Decorating graphene sheets with Pt nanoparticles using sodium citrate as reductant

In this paper, we proposed a novel and green approach for the synthesis of graphene nanosheets (GNS) and Pt nanoparticles-graphene nanosheets (Pt/GNS) hybrid materials, employing graphene oxide (GO) as precursor and sodium citrate as environmentally friendly reducing and stabilizing agent. The microstructures of GO and Pt/GNS were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical measurements. The results confirmed that the uniform size distribution of Pt nanoparticles on the surface of GNS without agglomerates could be easily obtained via using sodium citrate as reductant, moreover the Pt/GNS hybrids exhibited high electrochemical activity.     

面向半导体照明的光学

以发光二极管(LED)为核心的半导体照明光源成为世界公认的第三代照明光源.通常基于蓝光LED抽运黄色荧光粉产生白光的方案,因荧光粉的斯托克斯位移和宽光谱,其具有产业化价值的发光效率上升范围受到极大限制.另外,传统封装LED因其朗伯型发光分布和超高亮度会造成严重的眩光以及光分布难以满足照明应用要求从而导致光污染、光浪费,...     

大气湍流随机相位差的相关解调算法研究

根据大气光学湍流的光纤干涉测量技术原理及其信号表现形式,针对湍流相位变化的随机性和复杂性,提出了能够实时解调湍流随机相位差的相关解调算法,数值模拟了固定相位差、波形相位差以及符合湍流频谱特征的随机相位差的解调.结果表明,此算法的绝对误差小于10-3,满足湍流测量的要求.该研究为实现光学湍流相位差的动态检测提供了必要的理...     

A Monte Carlo study for the shielding of γ backgrounds induced by radionuclides for CDEX

The CDEX (China Dark matter EXperiment) Collaboration will carry out a direct search for WIMPs (Weakly Interacting Massive Particles) using an Ultra-Low Energy Threshold High Purity Germanium (ULE-HPGe) detector at the CJPL (China JinPing deep underground Laboratory). A complex shielding system was designed to reduce backgrounds and a detailed GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation was performed to study the achievable reduction of γ rays induced by radionuclides and neutron backgrounds by D(γ,n)p reaction. Furthermore, the upper level of allowed radiopurity of shielding materials was estimated under the constraint of the expected goal. Compared with the radiopurity reported by other low-background rare-event experiments, it indicates that the shielding used in the CDEX can be made out of materials with obtainable radiopurity.     

Study of radiation background at the north crossing point of the BEPCⅡ in collision mode

Understanding the radiation background at the north crossing point (NCP) in the tunnel of BEPCII is crucial for the performance safety of the High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector, and in turn of great significance for long-term stable running of the energy measurement system. Therefore, as the first step, a NaI(Tl) detector is constructed to continuously measure the radiation level of photons as background for future experiments. Furthermore, gamma and neutron dosimeters are utilized to explore the radiation distribution in the vicinity of the NCP where the HPGe detector will be located. Synthesizing all obtained information, the shielding for neutron irradiation is studied based on model-dependent theoretical analysis.     

国际地下实验室发展综述

地下实验室是开展粒子物理学、天体物理学及宇宙学等领域一些重大基础性前沿课题的重要研究场所和良好的低本底环境,建设和发展地下实验室对于一个国家的基础科学研究具有重要科学意义.目前,国际上许多国家都已经建立起地下实验室,而中国一直没有很好的地下实验室,特别是极深地下实验室.2009年,清华大学与二滩水电开发有限责任公司开展战略合作,利用锦屏山隧道建立中国首个世界最深的地下实验室--中国锦屏地下实验室(China Jinping Underground Laboratory,CJPL),并于2010年12月12日正式启用.中国锦屏地下实验室的建成,标志着中国已经具备开展物理学重大基础前沿科学研究的自主地下实验平台,对于推动我国相关领域的重大基础前沿课题的自主研究意义重大.文章对国际上一些重要地下实验室的情况进行了介绍,并对中国锦屏地下实验室的基本情况进行了介绍.