Detection of Microcystin-LR in the Cells and Natural Lake Water Samples by A Unique Fluorescence-Based Method

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is widely distributed in natural lakes and could strongly inhibit protein phosphatase activity; it is also a potent liver tumor promoter. Over the last two decades, tremendous efforts have been devoted to enhance the detection of MC-LR in water samples. However, the traditional method is complex and costly, and achieving the fast, sensitive, and accurate determination of MC-LR in the cells and natural lakes by using fluorescence signal changes is fairly difficult. Our work explores novel fluorescent probes that are capable of concurrently analyzing and detecting MC-LR in the cells and water. In this study, we introduce, for the first time, 5-AF and 6-AF as small-molecule fluorescent probes suitable for MC-LR detection in the cells and water samples based on fluorescence signal changes. We titrated 5-AF and 6-AF with MC-LR in pure water, scanned the fluorescence of the sample, and then obtained the equation the fluorescence intensity versus MC-LR concentration curve. MC-LR in lake water samples was crudely purified, and then 5-AF was added to measure its fluorescence peak. The fluorescence intensity of 5-AF is significantly enhanced with increasing MC-LR concentration. This enhancement trend is stable and could be mathematically modeled. We also comprehensively analyzed the mechanism and recognition principle of the probe response to MC-LR in natural lake water. Moreover, we believe that 5-AF may be capable of detecting exogenous MC-LR in cells. The results of this study reveal that these unique fluorescent probes may be applied to construct near-infrared fluorescent probes that could detect MC-LR levels in vivo.

Graphical Abstract

     

Assessment of the shear-improved Smagorinsky model in laminar-turbulent transitional channel flow

In this paper, the shear-improved Smagorinsky model (SISM) is assessed in a K-type transitional channel flow. Our numerical simulation results show that the original SISM model is still too dissipative to predict the transitional channel flow. Two former reported empirical correction approaches, including a low-Reynolds-number correction and a shape-factor-based intermittency correction, are applied to further promote the capability of the SISM model in simulating the transition process. Numerical tests show that the shape-factor-based intermittency correction approach can correctly improve the transition-prediction capability of the SISM model, while the low-Reynolds-number correction approach fails. Furthermore, the shape-factor-based intermittency-corrected SISM model can capture the vortical structures during the transitional process very well and possesses the grid-insensitive characteristics.     

Statistics and structures of pressure and density in compressible isotropic turbulence

We study statistics and structures of pressure and density in the presence of large-scale shock waves in a forced compressible isotropic turbulence using high-resolution numerical simulation. The spectra for pressure and density exhibit a ?2 scaling over an operational definition of the inertial range. Both the numerical simulation and a heuristic PDF model reveal that the PDFs of pressure increment exhibit a ?2 power law region for the separation in the operational definition of inertial range, quantitatively similar to the PDF of pressure gradient, which also displays a ?2 power law region. Moreover, the statistical relation between density increment and pressure increment has been investigated through a shock-relation model. There is a positive correlation between the vorticity magnitude and pressure, which is different from the case of incompressible turbulence. We argue that this difference is due to large-scale shock waves, another type of intermittent structures in addition to vortex structures in incompressible turbulence.     

A direct approach to generalised multiple mapping conditioning for selected turbulent diffusion flame cases

This work presents a direct and transparent interpretation of two concepts for modelling turbulent combustion: generalised Multiple Mapping Conditioning (MMC) and sparse-Lagrangian Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The MMC approach is presented as a hybrid between the Probability Density Function (PDF) method and approaches based on conditioning (e.g. Conditional Moment Closure, flamelet, etc.). The sparse-Lagrangian approach, which allows for a dramatic reduction of computational cost, is viewed as an alternative interpretation of the Filtered Density Function (FDF) methods. This work presents simulations of several turbulent diffusion flame cases and discusses the universality of the localness parameter between these cases and the universality of sparse-Lagrangian FDF methods with MMC.     

Lead(II) and copper(II) ion-selective electrodes based on two heterocyclic compounds

In this paper, two nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen containing heterocyclic compounds were used as ionophores in ion-selective electrodes. In these two ion-selective electrodes, 2,6-di(5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)pyridine (DMOP) gives the best Pb²⁺ sensitivity and 2,5-di(2′-methylpyridinethio)thiadiazole (DPTD) gives the best sensitivity for Cu²⁺. These electrodes are composed of KTpClPB as anion excluder and DOS as plasticizer. The two membrane electrodes show Nernstian or near-Nernstian response towards Pb²⁺ or Cu²⁺ (29.3 and 27.3 mV/decade, respectively) over the concentration range 10⁻⁵∼10⁻² and 10⁻⁶∼10⁻³ M, respectively. The response time was less than 20 sec and a good reproducibility over a period of 2 months was observed. The electrodes exhibited good selectivities over a number of alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The proposed electrodes have also been used for the direct determination of Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions in real samples.     

黑洞--一种奇异的物质(续)

3黑洞的形成种类及其观测 黑洞按它们的大小不同，可分成三类，其生成方式也相应地不同．     

SG~4上Poisson方程的Dirichlet问题

考察具有D-4对称性的立体Sierpinski垫片,定义其上的Laplacian,给出Green函数,从而解决了立体Sierpinski垫片上的Poisson方程的Dirichlet问题.     

Estimation of radiative properties and temperature distributions in coal-fired boiler furnaces by a portable image processing system

This paper presented an experimental investigation on the estimation of radiative properties and temperature distributions in a 670 t/h coal-fired boiler furnace by a portable imaging processing system. The portable system has been calibrated by a blackbody furnace. Flame temperatures and emissivities were measured by the portable system and equivalent blackbody temperatures were deduced. Comparing the equivalent blackbody temperatures measured by the portable system and the infrared pyrometer, the relative difference is less than 4%. The reconstructed pseudo-instantaneous 2-D temperature distributions in two cross-sections can disclose the combustion status inside the furnace. The measured radiative properties of particles in the furnace proved there is significant scattering in coal-fired boiler furnaces and it can provide useful information for the calculation of radiative heat transfer and numerical simulation of combustion in coal-fired boiler furnaces. The preliminary experimental results show this technology will be helpful for the combustion diagnosis in coal-fired boiler furnaces.     

全长和截短的δ内毒素cryIAc基因在昆虫杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

在昆虫病毒转移载体ＰＶＬ１３９３多角体基因启动子下游克隆了全长的苏芸金杆菌δ内毒素基因ｃｒｙＩＡｃ，得到了重组转移载体ｐＴｈＹ１，用ＫｐｎＩ将ｃｒｙＩＡｃ基因进行了截短，得到了重组转移载体ｐＶＬＹ２．随后在两种重组转移载体ｃｒｙ基因的下游引入了ＩＥ１启动于驱动的ｎｅｏ基因作为筛选标记和ＳＶ４０小ｔ抗原终止区作为ｃｒｙ基因的终止信号，得到了重组转移载体ｐＶＬＹｌｎｅｏ和ＰＶＬＹ２ｎｅｏ，分别用两种重组转移载体ＤＮＡ与野生型ＡｃＮＰＶＤＮＡ共转染昆虫Ｓｆ９细胞，用Ｇ４１８筛选后经有限稀释法纯化，得到了携带全长和截短。ｒｙＩＡｃ基因的两种重组病毒ｖＶＬＹ１ｎｅｏ和ｖＶＬＹ２ｎｅｏ，分别在昆虫细胞中表达了分子量为１３３３００和８２０００的ｃｒｙ蛋白，大小分别与ｃｒｙＩＡｃ晶体蛋白和预计的截短蛋白相同，并均具有与原晶体蛋白相同的免疫活性，生物测定表明两种表达产物均具有杀虫活性，和昆虫病毒一起产生协同增效毒性．     

单细胞克隆法快速筛选重组昆虫杆状病毒

首次采用显微操作系统挑取包含有重组病毒的单细胞，成功地获得了重组杆状病毒的单细胞克隆，并得到了重组病毒的纯培养．对有多角体的和无多角体的重组病毒细胞的挑取表明，这一方法对重组杆状病毒的筛选具有普遍适用性．我们发展的这一方法比常规的空斑技术简便、快速，只需两周左右即可完成重组病毒的筛选．