Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Sn‐Doped α‐Fe2O3 Photoanode with Different Reducer

Hematite has been considered as one of the most promising photoanode candidates for solar water‐splitting. However, its photoelectrochemical (PEC) efficiency is largely constrained by its sluggish oxygen evolution reaction. In this work, the photoelectrochemical performance of hematite was investigated in electrolytes containing different sacrificial agent. The photocurrent densities, onset potential, charge transfer resistance, Helmholtz capacitance at semiconductor liquid junctions (SCLJs), and their correlations were systematically studied. It was found that the onset potential is around the C_H peak potential and is related to the photovoltage. The surface states pinning the Fermi levels of the hematite photoanode are related to the adsorbed water molecules regardless of the sacrificial agents in the electrolyte.     

Fine-tuning the molecular energy levels by incorporating thiophene units onto the π-backbone of core-expanded naphthalene diimides

A series of core-expanded naphthalene diimides (NDI-DTYM) and thiophene-based derivatives (1a-c) were designed and synthesized to investigate the relationship between molecular structures and the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels but has little impact on the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels. The results demonstrated that increasing the number of thiophene units can gradually elevate the HOMO energy levels but had little impact on the LUMO energy levels. The n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on 1b and 1c have demonstrated that these almost unchanged LUMO energy levels are proper to transport electrons.     

Chiral separation abilities of homogeneously synthesized cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamates: Influences of degree of substitution and molecular weight

A series of cellulose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamates(CDMPCs) with different degrees of substitution(DS) and degrees of polymerization(DP) were homogeneously synthesized in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride(Amim Cl). Then, the CDMPCs were coated on silica gel and used as chiral stationary phases(CSPs), and their chiral recognition abilities for seven racemates were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that DS and DP of CDMPCs had a great influence on chiral recognition abilities of the CSPs. The CSPs with the DS ≈ 1 gives a low chiral recognition to most racemates. On the contrast, the CSPs with the DS ? 2 exhibited high chiral separation abilities. For example, six racemates could be separated on the CSP with CDMPC of DS ≈ 2(CSP-2). Especially, for the enantioseparation of 1-(2-naphthyl) ethanol and Tr?ger's base, CSP-2 gave the highest separation ability in all of CSPs. On the other hand, when the DP of cellulose was in a range from 39 to 220, the chiral separation abilities of CDMPCs increased as the DP increased. This work demonstrates that the structure of cellulose esters such as DS and DP has important effect on their chiral separation ability, and therefore provides a practical method to design and prepare desirable CSPs for different racemates.     

The stereocomplex formation and phase separation of PLLA/PDLA blends with different optical purities and molecular weights

In this study, the poly(L-lactide)/poly(D-lactide)(PLLA/PDLA) blends with different optical purities of PLLA and various molecular weights of PDLA are prepared by solution mixing, and the stereocomplex formation and phase separation behaviors of these blends are investigated. Results reveal that optical purity and molecular weight do not vary the crystal structure of PLA stereocomplex(sc) and homochiral crystallites(hc). As the optical purity increasing in the blends, the melting temperature of sc(Tsc) and the content of sc(ΔHsc) increased, while the melting temperature of hc(Thm) hardly changes, although the content of hc(ΔHhm) decreased gradually. The Tsc and ΔHsc are also enhanced as the molecular weight of PDLA reduces, and the ΔHhm reduces rapidly even though the Thm does not vary apparently. With lower optical purities of PLLA and higher molecular weights of PDLA, three types of crystals form in the blends, i.e., PLA sc, PLLA hc and PDLA hc. As molecular weight decreases and optical purity enhances, the crystal phase decreases to two(sc and PDLA hc), and one(sc) finally. This investigation indicates that the phase separation behavior between PLLA and PDLA in the PLLA/PDLA blends not only depends on molecular weights, but also relies on the optical purities of polymers.     

Kinetic determination of ascorbic acid by the BZ oscillating chemical system

A new analytical method for the determination of ascorbic acid by the perturbation caused by different amounts of ascorbic acid on the BZ oscillating chemical system involving the Ce(IV)-catalyzed reaction between potassium bromate and malonic acid in a acidic medium is proposed. The method relies on the linear relationship between the change in the oscillation amplitude of the chemical system and the concentration of ascorbic acid, which is in this work exposed for the first time. The calibration curve is linearly proportional to the concentration of ascorbic acid over the range 3.5x10(-6)-4.7x10(-4) M, with the regression coefficient is 0.9975. Two different methodologies were used to address the determination. Some aspects of the potential mechanism of action of ascorbic acid on the BZ oscillating chemical system are discussed in detail.     

Synthesis and thermodynamic properties of a metal-organic framework: [LaCu6(μ-OH)3(Gly)6im6](ClO4)6

A metal-organic complex, which has the potential property of absorbing gases, [LaCu₆(μ-OH)₃(Gly)₆im₆](ClO₄)₆ was synthesized through the self-assembly of La³⁺, Cu²⁺, glycine (Gly) and imidazole (Im) in aqueous solution and characterized by IR, element analysis and powder XRD. The molar heat capacity, C_p,m, was measured from T = 80 to 390 K with an automated adiabatic calorimeter. The thermodynamic functions [H_T − H_298.15] and [S_T − S_298.15] were derived from the heat capacity data with temperature interval of 5 K. The thermal stability of the complex was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).     

动物尿液中盐酸克伦特罗的分子印迹固相萃取-气相色谱-质谱法研究

采用分子印迹聚合物(MIP)固相萃取小柱提取、净化并富集猪尿液中的盐酸克伦特罗分子,用N,O-双三甲基硅基三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生化,毛细管气相色谱-质谱联用(选择离子模式,选择离子为277、262、243和86)对衍生物分析。优化了MIP固相萃取柱的淋洗条件,考察了MIP固相萃取柱的净化效果和消除基体干扰能力,建立了对动物尿液中盐酸克伦特罗的定性、定量分析的方法。在优化条件下,本法检出限(LOD)为0.51μg/L,定量限(LOQ)为1.00μg/L;不同盐酸克伦特罗加入量的回收率为71.0%~89.3%;相对标准偏差为3.2%~9.7%。将该方法与农业行业标准方法比较,结果吻合较好。但该方法灵敏度和精密度高,操作更为简单、快捷。     

三尖杉酯碱侧链酸的不对称合成及结构表征

以N-Boc苏氨醛为起始原料,经Wittig、Meisenheimer重排和催化氢化系列反应,不对称合成了天然产物三尖杉酯碱的侧链酸,中间体及目标产物结构经核磁共振(1 H NMR、13 C NMR)、红外光谱和质谱表征.结果表明,所用合成方法具有产率高、反应条件温和、操作简单等优点;目标化合物的总收率达30%.     

A sensitive DNA biosensor based on a facile sulfamide coupling reaction for capture probe immobilization

A novel DNA biosensor was fabricated through a facile sulfamide coupling reaction. First, the versatile sulfonic dye molecule of 1-amino-2-naphthol-4-sulfonate (AN-SO₃⁻) was electrodeposited on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to form a steady and ordered AN-SO₃⁻ layer. Then the amino-terminated capture probe was covalently grafted to the surface of SO₃⁻-AN deposited GCE through the sulfamide coupling reaction between the amino groups in the probe DNA and the sulfonic groups in the AN-SO₃⁻. The step-by-step modification process was characterized by electrochemistry and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. Using Ru(NH₃)₆³⁺ as probe, the probe density and the hybridization efficiency of the biosensor were determined to be 3.18 × 10¹³ strands cm⁻² and 86.5%, respectively. The hybridization performance of the biosensor was examined by differential pulse voltammetry using Co(phen)₃^3+/2+ (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) as the indicator. The selectivity experiments showed that the biosensor presented distinguishable response after hybridization with the three-base mismatched, non-complementary and complementary sequences. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak currents of Co(phen)₃^3+/2+ increased linearly with the logarithm values of the concentration of the complementary sequences in the range from 1.0 × 10⁻¹³ M to 1.0 × 10⁻⁸ M with a regression coefficient of 0.9961. The detection limit was estimated to be 7.2 × 10⁻¹⁴ M based on 3σ.     

Low‐Background,Highly Sensitive DNA Biosensor by Using an Electrically Neutral Cobalt(II) Complex as the Redox Hybridization Indicator

An electrically neutral cobalt complex, [Co(GA)₂(phen)] (GA=glycollic acid, phen=1,10‐phenathroline), was synthesized and its interactions with double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) were studied by using electrochemical methods on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). We found that [Co(GA)₂(phen)] could intercalate into the DNA duplex through the planar phen ligand with a high binding constant of 6.2(±0.2)×10⁵ M ^?1. Surface studies showed that the cobalt complex could electrochemically accumulate within the modified dsDNA layer, rather than within the single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) layer. Based on this feature, the complex was applied as a redox‐active hybridization indicator to detect 18‐base oligonucleotides from the CaMV35S promoter gene. This biosensor presented a very low background signal during hybridization detection and could realize the detection over a wide kinetic range from 1.0×10^?14 M to 1.0×10^?8 M , with a low detection limit of 2.0 fM towards the target sequences. The hybridization selectivity experiments further revealed that the complementary sequence, the one‐base‐mismatched sequence, and the non‐complementary sequence could be well‐distinguished by the cobalt‐complex‐based biosensor.