Analysis of Paeoniae Radix by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.

A method has been developed for the qualitative analysis of paeonol, paeoniflorin and their derivatives in Paeoniae Radix by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS). Gradient elution with acetonitrile-water solvent system was employed in an HPLC-ESI-MS study. The negative-ion ESI mode was suitable for these compounds. The peaks were identified by their mass spectra, UV spectra and fragments of their MS2 spectra. The structures of three unknown compounds are inferred in this paper.     

Bernoulli方程的演示设计

Bernoulli方程是流体力学的一个基本方程。本将介绍几种简单、有趣而又十分有效的Bernoulli方程演示设计。     

Uniform persistence for nonautonomous and random parabolic Kolmogorov systems

The purpose of this paper is to investigate uniform persistence for nonautonomous and random parabolic Kolmogorov systems via the skew-product semiflows approach. It is first shown that the uniform persistence of the skew-product semiflow associated with a nonautonomous (random) parabolic Kolmogorov system implies that of the system. Various sufficient conditions in terms of the so-called unsaturatedness and/or Lyapunov exponents for uniform persistence of the skew-product semiflows are then provided. Among others, it is shown that if the associated skew-product semiflow has a global attractor and its restriction to the boundary of the state space has a Morse decomposition which is unsaturated or whose external Lyapunov exponents are positive, then it is uniformly persistent. More specific conditions are discussed for uniform persistence in n-species, particularly 3-species, random competitive systems.     

Effects of barium on the nonlinear electrical characteristics and dielectric properties of SnO2-based varistors

The effects of barium on electrical and dielectric properties of the SnO_2·Co_2O_3·Ta_2O_5 varistor system sintered at 1250℃ for 60min were investigated. It is found that barium significantly improves the nonlinear properties. The breakdown electrical field increases from 378.0 to 2834.5V/mm, relative dielectric constant (at 1kHz) falls from 1206 to 161 and the resistivity (at 1kHz) rises from 60.3 to 1146.5kΩ·cm with an increase of BaCO_3 concentration from 0mol% to 1.00mol%. The sample with 1.00mol% barium has the best nonlinear electrical property and the highest nonlinear coefficient (α=29.2). A modified defect barrier model is introduced to illustrate the grain-boundary barrier formation of barium-doped SnO_{2}-based varistors.     

Influence of Turbid Medium Parameters on Back Scattered Intensity and Pulsewidth of Picosecond Pulse

In this paper, we simulate a practical in vivo technique in which is produced influence of turbid medium parameters on backscattered intensity and pulsewidth of picosecond for turbid tissue surface of a semiinfinite medium by a small narrow linewidth laser beams. It is shown that the interaction of the ultra short pulse and the turbid tissue is very used as researching the optical parameters of the turbid medium.     

Formation of β‐iPP in isotactic polypropylene/ethylene–propylene rubber blends: Effects of preparation method,composition, and thermal condition

The effects of preparation method, composition, and thermal condition on formation of β‐iPP in isotactic polypropylene/ethylene–propylene rubber (iPP/EPR) blends were studied using modulated differential scanning calorimeter (MDSC), wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and phase contrast microscopy (PCM). It was found that the α‐iPP and β‐iPP can simultaneity form in the melt‐blended samples, whereas only α‐iPP exists in the solution‐blended samples. The results show that the formation of β‐iPP in the melt‐blended samples is related to the crystallization temperature and the β‐iPP generally diminishes and finally vanishes when the crystallization temperature moves far from 125 °C. The phenomena that the lower critical temperature of β‐iPP in iPP/EPR obviously increases to 114 °C and the upper critical temperature decreases to 134 °C indicate the narrowing of temperature interval, facilitating the formation of β‐iPP in iPP/EPR. Furthermore, it was found that the amount of β‐iPP in melt‐blended iPP/EPR samples is dependent on the composition and the maximum amount of β‐iPP formed when the composition of iPP/EPR blends is 85:15 in weight. The results through examining the effect of annealing for iPP/EPR samples at melt state indicate that this annealing may eliminate the susceptibility to β‐crystallization of iPP. However, only α‐iPP can be observed in solution‐blended samples subjected to annealing for different time. The PCM images demonstrate that an obvious phase‐separation happens in both melt‐blended and solution‐blended iPP/EPR samples, implying that compared with the disperse degree of EPR in iPP, the preparation method plays a dominant role in formation of β‐iPP. It is suggested that the origin of formation of β‐iPP results from the thermomechanical history of the EPR component in iPP/EPR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1704–1712, 2007     

过渡金属催化的1,6-烯炔环异构化反应

1,6-烯炔底物在过渡金属催化剂作用下的化学行为得到了广泛的研究,重点是关于过渡金属催化的1,6-烯炔环异构化反应.从反应机理角度入手,把1,6-烯炔环异构化反应按启动方式总结为三类,并对这三种方式启动的1,6-烯炔环异构化反应进行了详细地总结和阐述.     

非相干辐照对LiNbO3:Fe晶体光折变非线性的影响与控制作用

研究了非相干辐照对LiNbO3:Fe晶体中从自散焦到自聚焦的动态转换过程的影响和控制作用.无论是从前向还是从背向加入非相干辐照，都能加快自散焦、自聚焦过程以及从自散焦到自聚焦的转换过程，增大折射率的变化值.当非相干辐照以一定的时间间隔重复辐照在晶体上时，透射功率能迅速地上升和下降，具有明显的开关效应.这种在非相干辐照控制下折射率的迅速改变有望应用于全光学开关器件. 关键词： 非相干辐照 光伏效应 自散焦 自聚焦     

Noncollinear optical parametric amplification in lithium triborate seeded by a cw Ti:sapphire laser

Experimental investigations of a type-I noncollinear phase-matched optical parametric amplification based on lithium triborate, which was pumped by a 5-ns second-harmonic pulses from a Q-switched Nd:YAG, seeded by a cw Ti:sapphire laser at 800 nm, was presented. The experiments generated 2-ns signal output pulses at 800 nm, the maximum signal output pulse energy reached 19 μJ, the corresponding parametric gain was 44 dB. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrate that the 65 nm-FWHM parametric fluorescence gain spectrum could also be observed. A quantitative account of the ultrabroadband parametric fluorescence gain spectrum was given with our theory. The experimental measurements are in agreement with theoretical calculations.     

Propagation characteristics of linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beams through an annular apertured paraxial ABCD optical system

By means of Collins diffraction integral formula in the paraxial approximation and based on the fact that a hard aperture function can be expanded into a finite sum of complex Gaussian functions, an approximate analytical expression for linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beams passing through a paraxial ABCD optical system with an annular aperture has been derived. The results provide more convenient for studying their propagation and transformation than the usual way by using diffraction integral directly. By using the analytical expression and the diffraction integral formula some numerical simulations are done to illustrate for the propagation characteristics of a linearly polarized Bessel-Gaussian beam through an optical system with an annular aperture.