Spectrophotometric determination of cefotaxime by using sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate

A novel method is established to determine cefotaxime by using sodium 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate (NQS) as a chromogenic reagent. A russety product can be formed owing to the nucleophilic substitution reaction between cefotaxime and NQS in 0.1 M solution of NaOH. The maximal absorption wavelength of the product is 489 nm. Absorbance is linear with the concentration of cefotaxime in the range of 3.8–114.6 mg/L, and the regression equation is A = 0.04481 + 0.00567c (mg/L), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9992. The detection limit and the RSD are 3 mg/L and 1.2%, respectively. The average recovery is in the range of 98.9–101.2%. The results indicate that the method could be applied to the determination of cefotaxime in injection.     

离子液体预处理生物质提高糖化产率

采用酶解糖化法检测离子液体EmimAc和AmimCl对生物质(甘蔗渣和桉木)的预处理效果,考察了温度、时间和固/液质量比对离子液体预处理效果的影响。 结果表明, 2种离子液体对2种生物质的最佳预处理温度均为140 ℃,固液质量比均为1∶15,EmimAc对桉木和甘蔗渣的预处理时间分别是12和4 h,而AmimCl所需的时间分别是14和8 h,EmimAc对桉木和甘蔗渣的预处理效果分别是传统方法的13.931和3.886倍,而AmimCl对这2种生物质分别是传统方法的4.665和2.835倍。 可见EmimAc的预处理效果优于AmimCl。     

Determination Limit of Fluorescence Turn‐On Probes for the Acetate Anion

Three fluorescent turn‐on probes containing 3,6‐dichloro‐9H‐carbazole as carbazyl part have been designed and synthesized. Among studied anions F^?, AcO^?, H₂PO , Cl^?, Br^? and I^?, AcO^? showed the strongest binding ability with all probes. The strong basic anions, such as AcO^?, H₂PO , and F^?, induced a significant red‐shift in absorption and a concomitant increase in fluorescent emission of the probes caused by photoinduced electron transfer (PET). The determination limit of probe 3 (Scheme 1) toward AcO^? is 3.0×10^?7 M . ¹H‐NMR Titration experiments shed light on the nature of the interaction between the probes and the anions. Theoretical investigation further illustrated the possible binding mode in these host? guest interactions and the roles of molecular frontier orbitals in molecular interplay.     

Role of solvent and dendritic architecture on the redox core encapsulation

Dendrimers with redox cores can accept, donate, and/or store electrons and are used in nanoscale devices like artificial receptors, magnetic resonance imaging, sensors, light harvesting antennae, and electrical switches. However, the dendrimer molecular architectures can significantly alter the encapsulation of the redox core and charge transfer pathways, thereby changing the electron transfer rates. In this study, we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the role of solvent and peripheral groups on molecular structure and core encapsulation of iron-sulfur G2-benzyl ether dendrimers in polar and nonpolar solvent. We found that the dendrimer branches collapse in water and swell in chloroform. The presence of the long hydrophobic alkyl groups at the periphery deters the encapsulation of the core in water which may cause an increase in electron transfer rate. However, in chloroform, the dendrimer branches remain in the extended form, which leads to an increased radius of gyration. Our results suggest that peripheral alkyl chains in dendrimers cause steric hindrance, which prevents branches from back folding in chloroform solvent, but in water it reverses the trend. Overall, the presence of a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic periphery in a dendrimer improves core encapsulation in water while hindering encapsulation in chloroform.     

Incorporating lanthanide cations with cadmium selenide nanocrystals: a strategy to sensitize and protect Tb(III)

The electronic structure of CdSe semiconductor nanocrystals has been used to sensitize Tb3+ in solution by incorporation of Tb3+ cations into the nanocrystals during synthesis. Doping of luminescent Tb3+ metal ions in semiconductor nanocrystals utilizes the positive attributes of both species' photophysical properties, resulting in a final product with long luminescence lifetimes, sharp emission bands, high absorptivities, and strong resistance to decomposition. This strategy also helps protect the lanthanide cations from nonradiative deactivation from C-H, N-H, and O-H oscillators of solvent molecules or traditional organic lanthanide ligands, leading to long Tb3+ luminescence lifetimes. This new type of nanomaterial synergistically combines the photophysical properties of nanocrystals and Tb3+.     

激光产生等离子体辐射X射线特性研究

本文报导激光等离子体辐射Ｘ射线的测量方法和结果。在“星光”装置上,用１．６μｍ激光辐照Ｎａ／Ｆ和铜靶。用平晶谱仪测量等离子体辐射Ｘ射线绝对强度,并研究了辐射Ｘ射线强度与入射激光功率密度的关系,测量了靶前后辐射强度之比,为光电离机制的Ｘ光激光研究提供了较重要的数据。