DMF体系中Cu2O球晶的制备及形貌分析

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为溶剂,通过改变铜源和表面活性剂,调控反应参数,溶剂热条件下制备了三维十字形、空心及实心的Cu₂O球晶。利用XRD、SEM等表征手段,分析探讨了工艺条件变化对Cu₂O球晶形貌的影响。研究表明,随着DMF浓度的增大,体系的还原能力增强,Cu⁺增多,溶液的过饱和度增大,Cu₂O晶体集合体形态由晶体结构控制的各向异性与对称性的球晶逐渐向各向同性球晶演变。十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)等表面活性剂有助于降低溶液的过饱和度,增加结晶质的表面扩散能力,有利于规则形态Cu₂O晶粒的形成。反应体系中,Cu(Ac)₂·H₂O水解生成的羧基与DMF中的甲酰基在高温下发生脱羧反应产生CO₂气体以及SDS发泡作用产生的气体是形成空心Cu₂O球晶的重要原因。     

ZnO超细纳米线阵列的制备及其电化学性能

以Zn(NO₃)₂· 6H₂O和C₆H₁₂N₄为原材料,采用二步水热法在碳纤维布上合成了形貌尺寸均匀的ZnO超细纳米线阵列。用 X 射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对其晶体结构和形貌进行了表征,利用恒流充放电测试等手段对其进行电化学性能测试。测试结果表明,材料表现出优异的电化学性能。在200 mA/g的电流密度下循环150次后,ZnO超细纳米线阵列仍然约有730 mAh/g的充放电比容量,库伦效率保持在95%以上。在1 200 mA/g的大倍率条件下,材料的充放电比容量依旧可达481 mAh/g左右,表现出十分良好的循环稳定性和可逆性能,是一种较为理想的锂离子电池负极复合材料。     

Effect of Thermal Processing on the Metabolic Components of Black Beans on Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Field Quadrupole-Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans.     

透明陶瓷的研究进展

透明陶瓷性能优异,应用广泛,是一类备受关注的新型材料.目前已经成功开发的透明陶瓷有氧化铝透明陶瓷、氧化钇透明陶瓷、氮化铝透明陶瓷以及PLZT电光透明陶瓷和激光透明陶瓷等.本文介绍了几种透明陶瓷的研究进展以及性能和应用,并且对透明陶瓷的研究趋势提出展望.     

工作气压对磁控溅射ITO薄膜性能的影响

工作气压在ITO薄膜的制备过程中是一个重要的工艺参数,直接决定着薄膜的性能.本文利用射频磁控溅射方法,采用氧化铟锡陶瓷靶材,在衬底温度为175℃,工作气压范围为0.45～1.0 Pa条件下,制备了氧化铟锡透明导电薄膜.研究了工作气压对其微观结构、表面形貌和光电特性的影响.在衬底温度为175℃、纯氩气中制备的氧化铟锡薄膜电阻率为3.04 ×10-4 Ω·cm、可见光波段(400～800 nm)透过率为91.9;,适合用作异质结太阳电池的前电极和减反射膜.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of Novel Dichloroacetyl Oxazolidine Herbicide Safeners

A series of novel N-dichloroacetyl oxazolidine herbicide safeners was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The preliminary biological test shows that the compounds could protect maize against injury caused by chlorsulfuron to a certain extent.     

Packed-Fiber Solid Phase-Extraction Coupled with HPLC-MS/MS for Rapid Determination of Lipid Oxidative Damage Biomarker 8-Iso-Prostaglandin F2α in Urine

The 8-iso-prostaglandin F_2α (8-iso-PGF_2α) biomarker is used as the gold standard for tracing lipid oxidative stress in vivo. The analysis of urinary 8-iso-PGF_2α is challenging when dealing with trace amounts of 8-iso-PGF_2α and the complexity of urine matrixes. A packed-fiber solid-phase extraction (PFSPE)–coupled with HPLC-MS/MS–method, based on polystyrene (PS)-electrospun nanofibers, was developed for the specific determination of 8-iso-PGF_2α in urine and compared with other newly developed LC-MS/MS methods. The method, which simultaneously processed 12 samples within 5 min on a self-made semi-automatic array solid-phase extraction processor, was the first to introduce PS-electrospun nanofibers as an adsorbent for the extraction of 8-iso-PGF_2α and was successfully applied to real urine samples. After optimizing the PFSPE conditions, good linearity in the range of 0.05–5 ng/mL with R² > 0.9996 and a satisfactory limit of detection of 0.015 ng/mL were obtained, with good intraday and interday precision (RSD < 10%) and recoveries of 95.3–103.8%. This feasible method is expected to be used for the batch quantitative analysis of urinary 8-iso-PGF_2α.     

Cloning,Expression, Purification,and Characterization of β-Galactosidase from Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum

Expression and purification of β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium provide a new resource for efficient lactose hydrolysis and lactose intolerance alleviation. Here, we cloned and expressed two β-galactosidases derived from Bifidobacterium. The optimal pH for BLGLB1 was 5.5, and the optimal temperature was 45 °C, at which the enzyme activity of BLGLB1 was higher than that of commercial enzyme E (300 ± 3.6 U/mg) under its optimal conditions, reaching 2200 ± 15 U/mg. The optimal pH and temperature for BPGLB1 were 6.0 and 45 °C, respectively, and the enzyme activity (0.58 ± 0.03 U/mg) under optimum conditions was significantly lower than that of BLGLB1. The structures of the two β-galactosidase were similar, with all known key sites conserved. When o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactoside (oNPG) was used as an enzyme reaction substrate, the maximum reaction velocity (V_max) for BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 3700 ± 100 U/mg and 1.1 ± 0.1 U/mg, respectively. The kinetic constant (K_m) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1.9 ± 0.1 and 1.3 ± 0.3 mmol/L, respectively. The respective catalytic constant (k_cat) of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 1700 ± 40 s⁻¹ and 0.5 ± 0.02 s⁻¹, respectively; the respective k_cat/K_m value of BLGLB1 and BPGLB1 was 870 L/(mmol∙s) and 0.36 L/(mmol∙s), respectively. The K_m, k_cat and V_max values of BLGLB1 were superior to those of earlier reported β-galactosidase derived from Bifidobacterium. Overall, BLGLB1 has potential application in the food industry.     

Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates at the C–Cl site

This study described palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond. The Pd/SelectPhos system showed excellent chemoselectivity toward the Ar–Cl bond in the presence of the Ar–OTf bond with a broad substrate scope and excellent product yields. The electronic and steric hindrance offered by the –PR₂ group of the ligand with the C2-alkyl group was found to be the key factor affecting the reactivity and chemoselectivity of the α-arylation reaction. The chemodivergent approach was also successfully employed in the synthesis of flurbiprofen and its derivatives (e.g., –OMe and –F).

Palladium-catalyzed chemoselective direct α-arylation of carbonyl compounds with chloroaryl triflates in the Ar–Cl bond is reported. The effects of –PR₂ and C2-alkyl groups of the ligands are investigated using experimental and computational methods.     

Responses of Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 upon Citric Acid Stress

This study aimed to elucidate the responses of a novel characterized Issatchenkia terricola WJL-G4 against citric acid stress by performing physiological analysis, morphology observation, and structural and membrane fatty acid composition analysis. The results showed that under citric acid stress, the cell vitality of I. terricola WJL-G4 was reduced. The cell morphology changed with the unclear, uncompleted and thinner cell wall, and degraded the cell structure. When the citric acid concentration was 20 g/L, I. terricola WJL-G4 could tolerate citric acid and maintain the cell structure by increasing the intracellular pH, superoxide dismutase activity, and contents of unsaturated fatty acids. As the citric acid concentration was ≥80 g/L, the stress has exceeded the cellular anti-stress ability, causing substantial cell damage. The cell membrane permeability, the content of membrane lipids, malondialdehyde and superoxide anion increased, but the intracellular pH and superoxide dismutase activities decreased, accompanying the increase of citric acid concentrations. The findings of this work provided a theoretical basis for the responsive mechanism of I. terricola WJL-G4 under high concentrations of citric acid, and can serve as a reference for biological acid reduction in fruit processing.