$M$-半群的直觉$(S,T)$-模糊$M$-子半群的性质

K.T.Atanassov在1986年首先引入直觉模糊集的概念,本文利用s-范数和t-范数,引入M-半群的直觉(S,T)-模糊M-子半群的概念,刻画其性质和特征,我们再进一步给出了直觉(S,T)-直积的概念,并由此探讨了一些有意义的相关结论。     

Crystallization process of Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O glass

A crystallization study has been carried out for rapidly solidified Bi₂Pb_0.5Sr₂Ca₄Cu₅O_x glass. Glass transition temperature T _g, crystallized superconducting phases and microstructural changes were measured and analysed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The crystallization mechanism of the three superconducting phases — (2201) 20 K phase, (2212) 80 K phase, and (2223) 110 K phase — has been discussed, and a time-temperature-transformation diagram for the glass has been constructed.     

托卡马克能量约束及自举电流效应的初步考虑

基于Lee等人的离子温度梯度模导致的反常热能输运系数,本文研究了辅助加热托卡马克等离子体的能量约束行为,并对自举电流的效应作了初步考虑。结果表明,计算得到的能量约束时间随等离子体电流I_p和托卡马克大半径R增大而增长,随注入功率P_t、环向场B_t以及等离子体小半径α的增大而缩短。这些结果与Kaye-Goldston的经验约束定标具有相同的趋势。自举电流的存在总是导致能量约束时间的增加,当自举电流与总电流的比值γ较小时,能量约束时间的增加率约为γ/2。此外,自举电流将造成锯齿反转半径的减小。     

陆地棉体细胞胚胎的发生和遗传转化条件初探

以陆地棉（冀棉20）下胚轴为外植体，在含KT0．3mg／L和2，4－D0．08mg／L的MS培养基上，诱导产生了胚性愈伤组织，继代培养不需要添加激素，胚性愈伤组织即分化为胚状体，并萌发出小芽，胚状体萌发过程与合子胚相似，但出现了一些畸形胚，解剖学方法观察发现，这些畸形胚的维管束系统不明显或形态异常，以农杆菌介导法对冀棉20胚状体及胚性愈伤组织进行了雪花莲凝集素（GNA）基因的遗传转化条件探索，并以GUS基域瞬间进行检测加以证实，得出农杆菌的浓度为O．D600＝0．8时，浸染时间为5min，共培养时间为3d，筛选培养基中卡那霉素浓度为75mg／L，对冀棉20胚状体及胚性愈伤组织转化是较为适合的。     

Ga1-xInxAs/InAsyP1-y/InP异质结的MOCVD生长及表征

Ga1-xInxAs(x>0.53)材料是未来长距离低损耗光纤通信的理想光源材料和探测器材料之一.我们采用水平常压MOCVD系统,在InP衬底上成功地生长了Ga1-xInxAs(x>0.53)/InAsyP1-y/Inp异质结材料.其中InAs1-yPy为组份阶梯变化的多层结构.由样品的(400)面X光衍射结果测定了各层组份.由二次离子质谱(SIMS)得到了样品剖面组份变化结果,证明InAs1-yPy层组份为阶梯状变化的.通过对光致发光结果和X光衍射结果比较,可以看到,InAsyP1-y层通过位错和弹性畸变二种方式来释放或积累Ga1-xInxAs与InP间的失配应力,从而减少了Ga1-xInxAs中的失配位错.有效地改善了Ga1-xInxAs的质量.已获得了x高达0.94表面光亮的Ga1-xInxAs/InAs1-yPy/InP异质结材料.     

教学质量的时齐马尔可夫链评估法

本文研究了教学质量评估中的一种定量分析方法──时齐马尔可夫链评估法．阐明了这种方法的理论依据及其实施程序、并指出它较之其他教学质量评估法更显合理．     

Solitary wave solutions of nonlinear financial markets :data-modeling-concept-practicing

This paper seeks to solve the difficult nonlinear problem in financial markets on the complex system theory and the nonlinear dynamics principle, with the data-model-concept-practice issue-oriented reconstruction of the phase space by the high frequency trade data. In theory, we have achieved the differentiable manifold geometry configuration, discovered the Yang-Mills functional in financial markets, obtained a meaningful conserved quantity through corresponding space-time non-Abel localization gauge symmetry transformation, and derived the financial solitons, which shows that there is a strict symmetry between manifold fiber bundle and guage field in financial markets. In practical applications of financial markets, we have repeatedly carried out experimental tests in a fluctuant evolvement, directly simulating and validating the existence of solitons by researching the price fluctuations (society phenomena) using the same methods and criterion as in natural science and in actual trade to test the stock Guangzhou Proprietary and the futures Fuel Oil in China. The results demonstrate that the financial solitons discovered indicates that there is a kind of new substance and form of energy existing in financial trade markets, which likely indicates a new science paradigm in the economy and society domains beyond physics.      

2‐Cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate mediated reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of acrylonitrile targeting a polymer with a higher molecular weight

The reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) mediated by 2‐cyanoprop‐2‐yl dithiobenzoate was first applied to synthesize polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a high molecular weight up to 32,800 and a polydispersity index as low as 1.29. The key to success was ascribed to the optimization of the experimental conditions to increase the fragmentation reaction efficiency of the intermediate radical. In accordance with the atom transfer radical polymerization of AN, ethylene carbonate was also a better solvent candidate for providing higher controlled/living RAFT polymerization behaviors than dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide. The various experimental parameters, including the temperature, the molar ratio of dithiobenzoate to the initiator, the molar ratio of the monomer to dithiobenzoate, the monomer concentration, and the addition of the comonomer, were varied to improve the control of the molecular weight and polydispersity index. The molecular weights of PANs were validated by gel permeation chromatography along with a universal calibration procedure and intrinsic viscosity measurements. ¹H NMR analysis confirmed the high chain‐end functionality of the resultant polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1272–1281, 2007     

物理实验课程考核、评估体系初探

对物理实验课程考核、评估方法进行了探讨，提出了物理实验课程考核、评估体系及实施细则．重点介绍了体系中的核心部分——正规的物理实验课程考试．