Self‐Assembly of Amphiphilic Anthracene‐Functionalized β‐Cyclodextrin (CD‐AN) through Multi‐Micelle Aggregation

Multi‐micelle aggregation (MMA) mechanism is widely acknowledged to explicate large spherical micelles self‐assembly, but the process of MMA during self‐assembly is hard to observe. Herein, a novel kind of strong, regular microspheres fabricated from self‐assembly of amphiphilic anthracene‐functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (CD‐AN) via Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne click reactions is reported. The obtained CD‐AN amphiphiles can self‐assemble in water from primary core–shell micelles to secondary aggregates with the diameter changing from several tens nm to around 600–700 nm via MMA process according to the images of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy as well as the dynamic light scattering measurements, followed by further crosslinking through photo‐dimerization of anthracene. What merits special attention is that such photo‐crosslinked self‐assemblies are able to disaggregate reversibly into primary nanoparticles when changing the solution conditions, which is benefited from the designed regular structure of CD‐AN and the rigid ranging of anthracene during assembly, thus confirming the process of MMA.

     

Recent advances in formaldehyde-responsive fluorescent probes

Formaldehyde is one of the simplest reactive carbonyl species. In view of the harmfulness of formaldehyde in nature and humans, it is of great signifi cance to further elucidate roles and functions of formaldehyde by a noninvasive detection approach. Fluorescent probes have become a popular tool to track and detect formaldehyde in vitro and in vivo, which have attracted more and more interest recently. This review focuses on various reaction mechanisms to design the fluorescent probes for detecting formaldehyde.     

Naphthalimide-modified near-infrared cyanine dye with a large stokes shift and its application in bioimaging

A naphthalimide-modifi ed near-infrared cyanine dye (emission at 785 nm) with a large Stokes shift (up to 165 nm) has been synthesized and had favorable lysosome-targeting property.     

Decoquinate derivatives: A new class of potent antischistosomal agents against Schistosoma japonicum

Decoquinate (1), an old and inexpensive coccidiostat, exhibited potent antimalarial activity, however, its antischistosomal activity against Schistosoma japonicum has not yet been evaluated. Based on decoquinate, a series of decoquinate derivatives was designed, synthesized, evaluated as a new class of antischistosomal agents against S. japonicum adult worms in vitro. Among them, compound 15 killed 100% of adult S. japonicum in 72 h at the concentration of 10 μmol/L in vitro, exhibited stronger wormkilling activity than PZQ in vitro and could serve as a promising lead compound to develop new antischistosomal agents.     

Ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide for enhancement of styrene‐butadiene rubber nanocomposites

Ionic liquid 1‐allyl‐3‐methyl‐imidazolium chloride (AMICl) is used to fine‐tune the surface properties of graphene oxide (GO) sheets for fabricating ionic liquid functionalized GO (GO‐IL)/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites. The morphology and structure of GO‐IL are characterized using atomic force microscope, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectra and Raman spectra. The interaction between GO and AMICl molecules as well as the effects of GO‐IL on the mechanical properties, thermal conductivity and solvent resistance of SBR are thoroughly studied. It is found that AMICl molecules can interact with GO via the combination of hydrogen bond and cation–π interaction. GO‐IL can be well‐dispersed in the SBR matrix, as confirmed by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Therefore, the SBR nanocomposites incorporating GO‐IL exhibit greatly enhanced performance. The tensile strength, tear strength, thermal conductivity and solvent resistance of GO‐IL/SBR nanocomposite with 5 parts per hundred rubber GO‐IL are increased by 505, 362, 34 and 31%, respectively, compared with neat SBR. This method provides a new insight into the fabrication of multifunctional GO‐based rubber composites. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effective transformation of cellulose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural catalyzed by fluorine anion-containing ionic liquid modified biochar sulfonic acids in water

This article first discloses that the fluorine anion-containing ionic liquids-functionalized biochar sulfonic acids (BCSA-IL-F_1–3s), which were simply synthesized by an ionic exchange of 1-trimethoxysilylpropyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (IL-Cl) grafted on the BCSA with CF₃SO₃H (HF₁), HBF₄ (HF₂), HPF₆ (HF₃), respectively, can efficiently catalyze cellulose hydrolysis into reducing sugars (RSs) and 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) in water under microwave irradiation. This process provides a very high catalysis efficiency (turnover numbers, 4.03–4.89) at mild temperature (80 °C) for 3 h, but also possesses an excellent repeatability. More outstandingly, they can achieve much higher HMF yields (12.70–27.94%) compared to the IL-Cl-functionalized BCSA catalyst (HMF yields are lower than 0.1%) under the same reaction conditions. This is likely because the introduction of IL-F_1–3s groups can significantly improve the accessibility, acidity and thermal stability of BCSA’s SO₃H sites, as supported by evidence from a solid ³¹P NMR spectrum and thermogravimetric analysis. It is proposed that the good selectivity for HMF perhaps originates from a co-catalysis action of the IL-F_1–3s and SO₃H groups on BCSA-IL-F_1–3s in the further conversion of RSs to HMF.     

Ag@AgCl embedded on cellulose film: a stable,highly efficient and easily recyclable photocatalyst

In this work, cellulose–Ag@AgCl composite films have been fabricated directly through a one-step coagulation of a cellulose/1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) solution with AgNO₃ and PVP. The AgCl was formed upon the addition of AgNO₃ to a cellulose/BmimCl solution, and underwent further reaction with excess Cl^?, leading to the complete dissolution of AgCl. The AgCl crystals were regenerated on the cellulose matrix during the coagulation process. The AgCl was partial decomposed to Ag⁰ and formed Ag@AgCl under visible light irradiation. The morphology of Ag@AgCl in the cellulose matrix was controlled by varying the concentration of PVP. The addition of PVP enabled the formation of stable cellulose films embedded with Ag@AgCl. The composite film demonstrated efficient photodegradation of methyl orange, which was retained upon recycling. This work thus provides a simple pathway for the preparation of Ag@AgCl embedded on a polymer support via one-step coagulation.     

萘磺酸型离子配合物的合成及其分子识别性能

常温反应条件下制备了4个基于乙二胺和1,5-萘二磺酸的配位化合物[M(en)(H_2O)_4]·1,5-nds·(H_2O)_2(M=Ni(1),Co(2),Cd(3),Cu(4),nds=1,5-萘二磺酸;en=乙二胺),并通过红外光谱、元素分析、X射线单晶衍射、X射线粉末衍射和热重分析等技术手段确定了其晶体结构。结构分析表明,该系列配合物属于同构体系,单斜晶系,C2/c空间群。以配合物1为例,其晶胞参数为a=1.69026(19)nm,b=1.01373(11)nm,c=1.3448(3)nm,α=90°,β=120.2650°,γ=90°,V=1.9901(5)nm~3,Z=4,Dc=1.713 g/cm~3,F(000)=1072,R_1=0.0326,wR_2=0.0867。该系列配合物的中心金属为六配位模式,与来自乙二胺的2个N原子和4个H_2O中的氧原子配位。游离水与磺酸氧和配位水之间存在着丰富的氢键作用,构筑成三维的网络结构。测定了以Cd为中心金属配合物3的荧光光谱,发现其在对于甲醇的小分子识别性能方面具有应用前景。     

矩形多环芳烃的合成

本文用3,4-二苯基-2,5-二(3,5-二溴苯基)环戊二烯酮(4a)与二苯乙炔(5a)通过Diels-Alder环加成反应得到1,2,4,5-四苯基-3,6-二(3,5-二溴苯基)苯(6a)。化合物6a通过经典的Suzuki偶联反应得到1,2,4,5-四苯基-3,6-二(3,5-二(4-十二烷基噻吩))苯基苯(8a),再利用Fe Cl3作为氧化剂发生Scholl氧化脱氢关环反应,得到目标化合物1a。采用类似合成方法,得到目标化合物1b。化合物的结构均通过1H NMR和MALDI-TOF MS表征,并对其光谱特征、热性能及电学性能进行了初步研究。     

基于表面起皱法的梯度图案的可控制备

报道了基于非刻蚀法的表面起皱机制来实现高分子薄膜表面的周期性梯度图案的简单可控制备.即对于处于机械拉伸状态的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性基底,在其底部垫入"积木",而后对其进行紫外-臭氧(UVO)和氧等离子体(OP)的联合表面处理."积木"的加入引起了表面处理后表面硅氧层(SiOx)梯度厚度的形成,进而当释放拉伸应变后,诱导产生了梯度皱纹图案.结果表明:当UVO与OP联用处理时,不仅实现了较小拉伸应变下梯度皱纹形貌的制备,而且扩大了UVO单独使用时梯度皱纹周期的变化范围.通过OP与UVO的处理顺序和处理时间等因素的简单调节,进一步实现了不同梯度皱纹微结构的精细构筑.