全文获取类型
收费全文 | 157494篇 |
免费 | 29151篇 |
国内免费 | 16773篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 123926篇 |
晶体学 | 1834篇 |
力学 | 7797篇 |
综合类 | 993篇 |
数学 | 17918篇 |
物理学 | 50950篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 435篇 |
2023年 | 2480篇 |
2022年 | 4551篇 |
2021年 | 4739篇 |
2020年 | 5937篇 |
2019年 | 6865篇 |
2018年 | 5325篇 |
2017年 | 4802篇 |
2016年 | 8933篇 |
2015年 | 9098篇 |
2014年 | 10490篇 |
2013年 | 13023篇 |
2012年 | 13987篇 |
2011年 | 13612篇 |
2010年 | 10784篇 |
2009年 | 10431篇 |
2008年 | 10376篇 |
2007年 | 9109篇 |
2006年 | 8389篇 |
2005年 | 7239篇 |
2004年 | 5822篇 |
2003年 | 4774篇 |
2002年 | 5199篇 |
2001年 | 4075篇 |
2000年 | 3686篇 |
1999年 | 2912篇 |
1998年 | 2146篇 |
1997年 | 1907篇 |
1996年 | 1862篇 |
1995年 | 1667篇 |
1994年 | 1502篇 |
1993年 | 1197篇 |
1992年 | 1087篇 |
1991年 | 941篇 |
1990年 | 817篇 |
1989年 | 630篇 |
1988年 | 471篇 |
1987年 | 408篇 |
1986年 | 414篇 |
1985年 | 316篇 |
1984年 | 215篇 |
1983年 | 180篇 |
1982年 | 151篇 |
1981年 | 94篇 |
1980年 | 67篇 |
1979年 | 37篇 |
1978年 | 27篇 |
1976年 | 25篇 |
1975年 | 24篇 |
1957年 | 28篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
751.
A novel copolymer, poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐2,6‐pyridylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P3 ), containing N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene and 2,6‐pyridylene chromophores was synthesized to investigate the effect of protonation, metal complexation, and chemical oxidation on its absorption and photoluminescence (PL). Poly(N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) and poly(N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene‐1,2‐ethenylene‐1,3‐phenylene‐1,2‐ethenylene) ( P2 ), consisting of 1,3‐divinylbenzene alternated with N‐hexyl‐3,8‐iminodibenzyl and N‐hexyl‐3,7‐phenothiazylene, respectively, were also prepared for comparison. Electrochemical investigations revealed that P3 exhibited lower band gaps (2.34 eV) due to alternating donor and acceptor conjugated units (push–pull structure). The absorption and PL spectral variations of P3 were easily manipulated by protonation, metal chelation, and chemical oxidation. P3 displayed significant bathochromic shifts when protonated with trifluoroacetic acid in chloroform. The complexation of P3 with Fe3+ led to a significant absorption change and fluorescence quenching, and this implied the coordination of ferric ions with the 2,6‐pyridylene groups in the backbone. Moreover, both phenothiazylene‐containing P2 and P3 showed conspicuous PL quenching with a slight redshift when oxidized with NOBF4. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 1272–1284, 2004 相似文献
752.
Two new compounds have been isolated from the whole plant of Monochoria vaginalis and characterized as: (10Z)‐1‐(2,6‐dihydroxyphenyl)octadec‐10‐en‐1‐one ( 1 ) (20R, 24R)‐campest‐5‐ene‐3β, 4β‐diol ( 2 ) together with nine known ones. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidence. 相似文献
753.
Ke Sha Dongshuang Li Yapeng Li Xiaotian Liu Shuwei Wang Jingqi Guan Jingyuan Wang 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(22):5037-5049
Amphiphilic diblock copolymer polycaprolactone‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PCL‐b‐PGMA) was synthesized via enzymatic ring‐opening polymerization (eROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Methanol first initiated eROP of ?‐caprolactone (?‐CL) in the presence of biocatalyst Novozyme‐435 under anhydrous conditions. The resulting monohydroxyl‐terminated polycaprolactone (PCL–OH) was subsequently converted to a bromine‐ended macroinitiator (PCL–Br) for ATRP by esterification with α‐bromopropionyl bromide. PCL‐b‐PGMA diblock copolymers were synthesized in a subsequent ATRP of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). A kinetic analysis of ATRP indicated a living/controlled radical process. The macromolecular structures were characterized for PCL–OH, PCL–Br, and the block copolymers by means of nuclear magnetic resonance, gel permeation chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analyses indicated that the copolymer composition (?‐CL/GMA) had a great influence on the thermal properties. The well‐defined, amphiphilic diblock copolymer PCL‐b‐PGMA self‐assembled into nanoscale micelles in aqueous solutions, as investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5037–5049, 2007 相似文献
754.
Hyperfine Interactions - Nanowires of metal, alloy, compound, and ferrite have been electrodeposited in anodic aluminium oxide templates. The structure and magnetic properties of the nanowires are... 相似文献
755.
756.
A photoemission study of molybdenum hexacarbonyl adsorption and decomposition on TiO2(1 1 0) surface
The adsorption and decomposition of molybdenum hexacarbonyl on (1 1 0) TiO2 surfaces were studied using both core levels and valence band photoemission spectroscopies. It was found that after an adsorption at 140 K, when going back to room temperature, only a small part of molybdenum compounds, previously present at low temperature, remained on the TiO2 surface. This indicates that the desorption temperature on such a surface is lower than the decomposition one. The use of photon irradiation to decompose the hexacarbonyl molecule was also studied. It was shown that during such a decomposition molecular fragments were chemisorbed on the surface allowing a higher amount of metal to remain on the surface. It was also shown that it was possible to get rid of adsorbed subcarbonyl groups and to organize the metal atoms by thermal treatments at temperatures as low as 400 K, i.e. much lower than the one needed to obtain the same structures using physical vapour deposition (PVD). Moreover, due to lower used temperatures, this chemical way of deposition allows a better control of the interface than during PVD growth. 相似文献
757.
758.
This article focuses on discontinuous Galerkin method for the two‐ or three‐dimensional stationary incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. The velocity field is approximated by discontinuous locally solenoidal finite element, and the pressure is approximated by the standard conforming finite element. Then, superconvergence of nonconforming finite element approximations is applied by using least‐squares surface fitting for the stationary Navier‐Stokes equations. The method ameliorates the two noticeable disadvantages about the given finite element pair. Finally, the superconvergence result is provided under some regular assumptions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 23: 421–436, 2007 相似文献
759.
该文讨论局部可分度量空间闭s映象的分解定理, 证明了正则的Fréchet空间是局部可分度量空间的闭s映象当且仅当满足如下条件: 具有点可数的cs*网, 第一可数的闭子空间是局部可分的, 且Lindelof的闭子空间是可分的. 相似文献
760.
Li Lin 《Annals of Differential Equations》2007,23(4):433-439
In this paper,we study some permanence and global stability to a nonau- tonomous nonlinear discrete single species system,and obtain some sufficient condition of global stability to the system. 相似文献