Relating high-energy Lepton-Hadron, proton-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions through geometric scaling

A characteristic feature of small-x lepton-proton data from HERA is geometric scaling: the fact that in the region of small Bjorken variable x, x less, similar 0.01, all data can be described by a single variable Q(2)/Q(2)(s,p)(x), with all x dependence encoded in the so-called saturation momentum Q(s,p)(x). Here, we observe that the same scaling ansatz accounts for nuclear photoabsorption cross sections and favors the nuclear dependence Q(2)(s,A) proportional, variant A(alpha)Q(2)(s,p), alpha approximately 4/9. We then make the empirical finding that the same A dependence accounts for the centrality evolution of the multiplicities measured in Au+Au collisions at RHIC. It also allows one to parametrize the high-p(t) particle suppression in d+Au collisions at forward rapidities. If these geometric scaling properties have a common dynamical origin, then this A dependence of Q(2)(s,A) should emerge as a consequence of the underlying dynamical model.     

Templated construction of a Zn-selective protein dimerization motif

Here, we report that the approach of metal-templated ligand synthesis can be applied to construct a dimeric protein assembly ((BMOE)RIDC1(2)), which is stabilized by noncovalent interactions and flexible covalent cross-linkers around the Zn templates. Despite its flexibility, (BMOE)RIDC1(2) selectively binds Zn(II) over other divalent metals and undergoes dimerization upon metal binding. Such simultaneous fulfillment of plasticity and selectivity is a hallmark of cellular signaling events that involve ligand/metal-induced protein dimerization.     

Application of DSC–TG and NMR to study the soil organic matter

The environmental concern on soil exploitation, linked to global warming by the Kyoto protocol, is responsible for increasing interest in the understanding of the role of the composition and structure of the soil organic matter (SOM) on soil carbon, C, dynamics. Thermal analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are applied to study the thermal properties, the structure and composition of the SOM of six samples with different C contents in order to improve the interpretation of results given by thermal analysis. Results showed that the direct integral of the combustion peaks obtained by DSC and the percentage of SOM given by TG were both directly related to the quantity of total soil C. Thus, soils with higher C content showed higher energy content too. The combustion temperatures of the curves given by DSC are those reported for labile OM. NMR results indicated the presence of aliphatic C, carbohydrates, and a weak signal in the aromatic C band in all the samples that was not detected in the DSC curves. Only two samples showed carboxyl/carbonyl C which was not detected by DSC also.     

Assessment of dispersion map impact on the digital back propagation of long-haul fibre-optic links

The back propagation algorithm is one of the best methods known for simultaneous linear and nonlinear impairment mitigation in long-haul fibre-optic links. Better understanding the full potential of such algorithm is key to improve the capacity of future links, whose design is likely to depend on the algorithm performance under different link configurations. In this paper, we carry out a novel and pertinent comparison in terms of the computational complexity requirements of both symmetric and asymmetric back-propagation implementation approaches for different dispersion map configurations, using simple single channel transmission, which results in the proposal of several design rules for the optimized deployment of ultra-long haul optical transport systems. In particular, it is concluded that dispersion unmanaged transmission is preferable in the sense of compatibility with different link design configurations as well as computational complexity requirements and maximum performance that can be achieved.     

Lie Superalgebras Over 𝔤𝔩2

Whereas Holm proved that the ring of differential operators on a generic hyperplane arrangement is finitely generated as an algebra, the problem of its Noetherian properties is still open. In this article, after proving that the ring of differential operators on a central arrangement is right Noetherian if and only if it is left Noetherian, we prove that the ring of differential operators on a central 2-arrangement is Noetherian. In addition, we prove that its graded ring associated to the order filtration is not Noetherian when the number of the consistuent hyperplanes is greater than 1.     

Eleven-dimensional gauge theory for the M-algebra as an Abelian semigroup expansion of \mathfrak{osp} ( 32 | 1 )

A new Lagrangian realizing the symmetry of the M-algebra in eleven-dimensional space-time is presented. By means of the novel technique of Abelian semigroup expansion, a link between the M-algebra and the orthosymplectic algebra is established, and an M-algebra-invariant symmetric tensor of rank six is computed. This symmetric invariant tensor is a key ingredient in the construction of the new Lagrangian. The gauge-invariant Lagrangian is displayed in an explicitly Lorentz-invariant way by means of a subspace separation method based on the extended Cartan homotopy formula.     

Biotechnological Production of Phenyllactic Acid and Biosurfactants from Trimming Vine Shoot Hydrolyzates by Microbial Coculture Fermentation

Coculture fermentations show advantages for producing food additives from agroindustrial wastes, considering that different specified microbial strains are combined to improve the consumption of mixed sugars obtained by hydrolysis. This technology dovetails with both the growing interest of consumers towards the use of natural food additives and with stricter legislations and concern in developed countries towards the management of wastes. The use of this technology allows valorization of both cellulosic and hemicellulosic fractions of trimming vine shoots for the production of lactic acid (LA), phenyllactic acid (PLA), and biosurfactants (BS). This work compares the study of the potential of hemicellulosic and cellulosic fractions of trimming vine shoots as cheaper and renewable carbon sources for PLA and BS production by independent or coculture fermentations. The highest LA and PLA concentrations, 43.0 g/L and 1.58 mM, respectively, were obtained after 144 h during the fermentation of hemicellulosic sugars and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) carried out by cocultures of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus pentosus. Additionally, cell-bond BS decreased the surface tension (ST) in 17.2 U; meanwhile, cell-free supernatants (CFS) showed antimicrobial activity against Salmonella enterica and Listeria monocytogenes with inhibition halos of 12.1?±?0.6 mm and 11.5?±?0.9 mm, respectively.     

Theoretical assessment of antioxidant property of polyproponoid and its derivatives

Structural Chemistry - Derivatives of parent molecules possess similar structural activity which makes them to be the topic of equal interest. In the present work, a naturally occurring acid...     

Structural Batteries: A Review

Structural power composites stand out as a possible solution to the demands of the modern transportation system of more efficient and eco-friendly vehicles. Recent studies demonstrated the possibility to realize these components endowing high-performance composites with electrochemical properties. The aim of this paper is to present a systematic review of the recent developments on this more and more sensitive topic. Two main technologies will be covered here: (1) the integration of commercially available lithium-ion batteries in composite structures, and (2) the fabrication of carbon fiber-based multifunctional materials. The latter will be deeply analyzed, describing how the fibers and the polymeric matrices can be synergistically combined with ionic salts and cathodic materials to manufacture monolithic structural batteries. The main challenges faced by these emerging research fields are also addressed. Among them, the maximum allowable curing cycle for the embedded configuration and the realization that highly conductive structural electrolytes for the monolithic solution are noteworthy. This work also shows an overview of the multiphysics material models developed for these studies and provides a clue for a possible alternative configuration based on solid-state electrolytes.