Impulse response techniques to measure binary diffusion coefficients under supercritical conditions

This review describes impulse response techniques with a curve-fitting method to measure thermodynamic properties, such as binary diffusion coefficient, retention factor, and partial molar volume, under supercritical conditions. Theoretical background, parameter sensitivity, sources of experimental error, noise elimination technique, and the correction of apparent binary diffusion coefficients due to column coiling are discussed based on recent studies, together with data sources and predictive correlations for binary diffusion coefficients.     

Chromatographic impulse response technique with curve fitting to measure binary diffusion coefficients and retention factors using polymer-coated capillary columns

The theoretical basis of a Gaussian-like approximate solution was applied to a chromatographic impulse response technique with curve fitting for measuring binary diffusion coefficients and retention factors using a polymer-coated capillary column. The formulae were derived for evaluating both the accuracy of the approximate solution and the sensitivity of the parameters. The validity of the solution also was confirmed experimentally for pulse injection of phenol in acetone into supercritical carbon dioxide flowing at 313.15 K and 11.6-28.6 MPa. Potential sources for experimental errors of the method are discussed.     

Stereochemical control of the Passerini reaction

A catalytic asymmetric Passerini reaction using tridentate indan (pybox) Cu(II) Lewis acid complex 4 with substrates capable of bidentate coordination has been achieved. The reaction occurs via ligand-accelerated catalysis.     

Anionic O --> alpha- and beta-vinyl carbamoyl translocation of 2-(O-carbamoyl) stilbenes

[reaction: see text] New anionic oxygen to alpha- and beta-vinyl carbamoyl migration reactions, 17a and 26a-c --> 18 and 30a-c, proceed under LDA-mediated conditions leading stereoselectively to highly substituted stilbenes bearing electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents. Compounds 17a and 26a-c are prepared by combination of efficient, directed ortho metalation, Sonogashira, and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling procedures.     

Routes to control of H2 Coulomb explosion in few-cycle laser pulses

We have measured coincident ion pairs produced in the Coulomb explosion of H2 by 8-30 fs laser pulses at different laser intensities. We show how the Coulomb explosion of H2 can be experimentally controlled by tuning the appropriate pulse duration and laser intensity. For laser pulses less than 15 fs, we found that the rescattering-induced Coulomb explosion is dominated by first-return recollisions, while for longer pulses and at the proper laser intensity, the third return can be made to be the major one. Additionally, by choosing suitable pulse duration and laser intensity, we show H2 Coulomb explosion proceeding through three distinct processes that are simultaneously observable, each exhibiting different characteristics and revealing distinctive time information about the H2 evolution in the laser pulse.     

Measurement of nonrandom event-by-event fluctuations of average transverse momentum in square root of (sNN)=200 GeV Au+Au and p+p collisions

Event-by-event fluctuations of the average transverse momentum of produced particles near midrapidity have been measured by the PHENIX Collaboration in square root of (sNN)=200 GeV Au+Au, and p+p collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The fluctuations are observed to be in excess of the expectation for statistically independent particle emission for all centralities. The excess fluctuations exhibit a dependence on both the centrality of the collision and on the pT range over which the average is calculated. Both the centrality and pT dependence can be well reproduced by a simulation of random particle production with the addition of contributions from hard-scattering processes.     

General sampling theorem using contour integral

We present the sampling theorem with sampling functions of general form for entire functions satisfying one of the growth conditions

     

L p Results for the Pompeiu Problem with Moments on the Heisenberg Group

This article extends previous results on the Pompeiu problem with moments. On the Heisenberg group the results previously considered for L²(H_n) have been extended to the function spaces L^p(H_n) for 1 p . In the case of L(H_n), the conclusions recover differential conditions comparable to those observed in the Euclidean space Cⁿ.     

Formant discrimination in noise for isolated vowels

Formant discrimination for isolated vowels presented in noise was investigated for normal-hearing listeners. Discrimination thresholds for F1 and F2, for the seven American English vowels /i, I, epsilon, ae, [symbol see text], a, u/, were measured under two types of noise, long-term speech-shaped noise (LTSS) and multitalker babble, and also under quiet listening conditions. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) varied from -4 to +4 dB in steps of 2 dB. All three factors, formant frequency, signal-to-noise ratio, and noise type, had significant effects on vowel formant discrimination. Significant interactions among the three factors showed that threshold-frequency functions depended on SNR and noise type. The thresholds at the lowest levels of SNR were highly elevated by a factor of about 3 compared to those in quiet. The masking functions (threshold vs SNR) were well described by a negative exponential over F1 and F2 for both LTSS and babble noise. Speech-shaped noise was a slightly more effective masker than multitalker babble, presumably reflecting small benefits (1.5 dB) due to the temporal variation of the babble.     

Numerical study of light correlations in a random medium close to the Anderson localization threshold

We applied a finite-difference time domain algorithm to the study of field and intensity correlations in random media. Close to the onset of Anderson localization, we observe deviations of the correlation functions, in both shape and magnitude, from those predicted by the diffusion theory. Physical implications of the observed phenomena are discussed.