多壁碳纳米管膜湿敏特性的研究

研究了多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)薄膜的湿敏特性，实验所用的多壁碳纳米管是用热灯丝化学气相沉积法(CVD)合成的.分别对未修饰和修饰的多壁碳纳米管膜温度和湿度特性进行研究后发现，修饰的多壁碳纳米管对温度和湿度非常敏感，且对湿度的响应时间和恢复时间短，重复性好.而未修饰的多壁碳纳米管对温度和湿度不太敏感.对修饰多壁碳纳米管的湿敏特性进行了理论分析，给出了其理论表示式. 关键词： 多壁碳纳米管 化学修饰 湿敏特性 物理吸附     

内源全息术的原理和数学描述

以往的全息术在对原子成像时,在相干光源、探测器空间分辨和信号强度三个方面遇到了难以克服的困难. 阐述了内源全息术克服这些困难的原理,研究了内源全息术的记录和再现全过程,推导出内源球面全息图的再现公式,并在散射因子球对称近似和能量无关近似下,推导出以δ函数表示原子全息再现像的解析表达式. 关键词： 内源全息术 同步辐射 晶体结构 傅里叶变换     

脉冲管制冷机调相机构的研究 第一部分 双向进气模式的研究

基于线性热声理论,通过数值计算定量分析了双向进气对脉冲管制冷机性能的影响,指出:在惯性管已经为脉冲管制冷机提供了所需的最佳阻抗时,双向进气不能提高脉冲管制冷机的性能,只有在惯性管没有为制冷机提供作需的最佳阻抗时,双向进气模式才能发挥积极的作用。     

Trend of extreme precipitation events over China in last 40 years

Using the daily precipitation data of 740 stations in China from 1960 to 2000, the analysis on the variations and distributions of the frequency and the percentage of extreme precipitation to the annual rainfall have been performed in this paper. Results indicate that the percentage of heavy rains （above 25mm/day） in the annual rainfall has increased, while on average the day number of heavy rains has slightly reduced during the past 40 years. In the end of 1970s and the beginning of 1980s, both the number of days with extreme precipitation and the percentage of extreme precipitation abruptly changed over China, especially in the northern China. By moving t test, the abrupt change year of extreme precipitation for each station and its spatial distribution over the whole country are also obtained. The abrupt change years concentrated in 1978-1982 for most regions of northern China while occurred at various stations in southern China in greatly different/diverse years. Besides the abrupt change years of extreme precipitation at part stations of Northwest China happened about 5 years later in comparison with that of the country＇s average.     

Superlattice CoCrPt/Ru/CoFe structure fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

The synthetic antiferromagnets (SAF) have been used in spin-valve sensor in data storage industry [1]. We report a new hard/Ru/soft sandwich structure (SHBL) fabricated by pulsed lased deposition to replace current single layer structure for information recording application. SHBL consists of two magnetic layers separated by thin nonmagnetic layers, typically with Ru layers of 0.7-1.2 nm, through which antiferromagnetic coupling is induced. Varying the relative thickness of the magnetic layers, the spacer layers, and the type of magnetic materials can alter magnetic properties of CoCrPt/Ru/CoFe superlattice. The coercivity H_c and grain size of magnetic layer is also dependent on the laser fluence. High laser fluence results in both small grain size and high H_c. The observed phenomena are related to high quenching and deposition rates during PLD at high fluence, resulting in more pronounced phase segregation.     

Facile route to high-density, ordered ZnO nanowire arrays and their photoluminescence properties

A simple template-directed wet chemistry route based on traditional thermal decomposition technique has been developed for the preparation of high-density, ordered ZnO nanowire arrays. The fabrication was performed at relative low temperature without involving complex procedures, sophisticated equipment and rigorous experiment conditions, thereby providing a straightforward and mild method to produce metal/metal oxide ordered nanostructures. The nanowire array system was evaluated by SEM, XRD, TEM and PL. A stable luminescence at 425 nm was present.     

Localized modes in open one-dimensional dissipative random systems

We consider, both theoretically and experimentally, the excitation and detection of the localized quasimodes (resonances) in an open dissipative 1D random system. We show that, even though the amplitude of transmission drops dramatically so that it cannot be observed in the presence of small losses, resonances are still clearly exhibited in reflection. Surprisingly, small losses essentially improve conditions for the detection of resonances in reflection as compared with the lossless case. An algorithm is proposed and tested to retrieve sample parameters and resonance characteristics inside the random system exclusively from reflection measurements.     

一种具有声低通滤波特性的无源零差光纤水听器

报道了一种新颖的具有抗混叠功能的无源零差迈克耳孙型光纤水听器.它由一个普通的芯轴型光纤水听器和一个圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器构成.在驻波罐中对其声压相位灵敏度频响进行了测量,结果表明该光纤水听器具有较好的声低通滤波特性,能有效地抑制声信号中的高频成分,从而实现抗混叠滤波.该光纤水听器的低频声压相位灵敏度主要由传感光纤长度和弹性增敏层的物理特性决定,约为-159 dB(0 dB=1 rad/μPa).在1150 Hz附近出现了一个共振峰,这主要由圆柱型亥姆霍兹共振器的声学特性决定.1150～2280 Hz频段内的灵敏度衰减率约为50 dB/倍频程,1500 Hz以后的灵敏度衰减量大于10 dB.这对于提高我国未来声纳系统的抗干扰能力具有十分重要的意义.     

一种基于算法融合的红外目标跟踪方法

视频目标跟踪的难点在于快速、准确地在帧与帧之间匹配目标.由于红外图像目标与背景的反差低,图像的边缘模糊并且灰度级动态范围小,使红外目标跟踪难度比可见光更大.本文提出一种针对红外日标跟踪的融合算法,该方法融合直方图和不变矩的特点.首先利用目标的直方图计算简单快速的特点,由均值平移算法快速找到局部最优解,但由于该局部最优解仪为直方图匹配的最优解,缺少目标形状特征,与实际目标位置存在一定的偏差;其次,利用边缘小变矩作为修正特征修正误差,避免跟踪误差逐渐累计而最终导致跟踪失败,以提高跟踪的稳定性和精度.实验结果表明,该算法能够消除跟踪过程中的漂移现象,提高跟踪精度.     

关于左手性介质几何光学的研究(一)

根据几何光学中的费马原理和完善成像原理研究了光线经过正负折射率界面时的传播特性,推导了单负折射率完善成像的曲面方程,讨论了单块负折射率透镜成像特性的一些缺陷及改进方案,依此指出了最短时间原理的适用范围的局限性和利用左手性介质制作光学器件的优越性,为进一步研究左手性介质的光学特性和相关光学器件设计提供了理论基础.