全文获取类型
收费全文 | 26245篇 |
免费 | 4313篇 |
国内免费 | 4018篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 20389篇 |
晶体学 | 424篇 |
力学 | 1280篇 |
综合类 | 296篇 |
数学 | 2948篇 |
物理学 | 9239篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 63篇 |
2023年 | 464篇 |
2022年 | 790篇 |
2021年 | 927篇 |
2020年 | 1042篇 |
2019年 | 1106篇 |
2018年 | 913篇 |
2017年 | 963篇 |
2016年 | 1251篇 |
2015年 | 1267篇 |
2014年 | 1613篇 |
2013年 | 2025篇 |
2012年 | 2425篇 |
2011年 | 2540篇 |
2010年 | 1945篇 |
2009年 | 1838篇 |
2008年 | 1948篇 |
2007年 | 1802篇 |
2006年 | 1685篇 |
2005年 | 1345篇 |
2004年 | 987篇 |
2003年 | 783篇 |
2002年 | 740篇 |
2001年 | 651篇 |
2000年 | 573篇 |
1999年 | 481篇 |
1998年 | 352篇 |
1997年 | 312篇 |
1996年 | 266篇 |
1995年 | 254篇 |
1994年 | 233篇 |
1993年 | 168篇 |
1992年 | 145篇 |
1991年 | 135篇 |
1990年 | 121篇 |
1989年 | 89篇 |
1988年 | 73篇 |
1987年 | 53篇 |
1986年 | 60篇 |
1985年 | 49篇 |
1984年 | 18篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 4篇 |
1957年 | 4篇 |
1936年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
941.
The intramolecular hydroacylation of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes was considered to be a challenging task due to the side reactions resulted from the lack of additional substituent at 1-position and the low activity caused by the steric hindrance of substituent at 2-position, and an asymmetric version has not been considered possible due to problems associated with the racemization of the products. We have partially solved these problems. Catalyzed by an activated diphosphine-Rh complex and reacted in a selected dihalogenated solvent, the intramolecular hydroacylation of o-(2-arylvinyl)benzaldehydes provided the corresponding 2-aryl-1-indanones in high yields, and its asymmetric variant using o-(2-alkylvinyl)benzaldehydes afforded chiral 2-alkyl-1-indanones in high yields and with moderate enantioselectivities. 相似文献
942.
Xuejie Zhang Yan Xu Andrew K. Abel Leslie S. Smith Roger Watt Amir Hussain Chengxiang Gao 《Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,22(12)
Extraction of relevant lip features is of continuing interest in the visual speech domain. Using end-to-end feature extraction can produce good results, but at the cost of the results being difficult for humans to comprehend and relate to. We present a new, lightweight feature extraction approach, motivated by human-centric glimpse-based psychological research into facial barcodes, and demonstrate that these simple, easy to extract 3D geometric features (produced using Gabor-based image patches), can successfully be used for speech recognition with LSTM-based machine learning. This approach can successfully extract low dimensionality lip parameters with a minimum of processing. One key difference between using these Gabor-based features and using other features such as traditional DCT, or the current fashion for CNN features is that these are human-centric features that can be visualised and analysed by humans. This means that it is easier to explain and visualise the results. They can also be used for reliable speech recognition, as demonstrated using the Grid corpus. Results for overlapping speakers using our lightweight system gave a recognition rate of over 82%, which compares well to less explainable features in the literature. 相似文献
943.
Shengran Li Xinxin Yan Yangchun Qu Wenliang Wang Binggang Chen Xiaojing Ma Prof. Dr. Sanrong Liu Prof. Dr. Xifei Yu 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(44):10375-10384
The ester bond as a universal linker has recently been applied in gene delivery systems owing to its efficient gene release by electrostatic repulsion after its cleavage. However, the ester bond is nonlabile and is difficult to cleave in cells. This work reports a method in which a secondary amine was introduced to the β-position of the ester bond to generate a hydrogen-bond cyclization (HBC) structure that can make the ester bond hydrolysis ultrafast. A series of molecules comprising ultrasensitive esters that can be activated by H2O2 were synthesized, and it was found that those able to form an HBC structure showed complete ester hydrolysis within 5 h in both water and phosphate-buffered saline solution, which was several times faster than other methods reported. Then, a series of amphiphilic poly(amidoamine) dendrimers were constructed, comprising the ultrasensitive ester groups for gene delivery; it was found that they could effectively release genes under quite a low concentration of H2O2 (<200 μm ) and transport them into the nucleus within 2 h in Hela cells with high safety. Their gene transfection efficiencies were higher than that of PEI25k. The results demonstrated that the hydrogen-bond-induced ultrasensitive esters could be powerfully applied to construct gene delivery systems. 相似文献
944.
945.
In this paper, by linking Fokker–Planck equations with stochastic coupled systems, a new method is provided to investigate the existence of a stationary distribution of stochastic coupled systems. Based on the graph theory and the Lyapunov method, an appropriate Lyapunov function associated with stationary Fokker–Planck equations is constructed. Moreover, a Lyapunov-type theorem and a coefficients-type criterion are obtained to guarantee the existence of a stationary distribution. Furthermore, theoretical results are applied to explore the existence of a stationary distribution of stochastic predator–prey models with dispersal and a sufficient criterion is presented correspondingly. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results. 相似文献
946.
A simple,rapid and reliable liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry method for determination of methotrexate in human plasma and its application to therapeutic drug monitoring 下载免费PDF全文
Dan Wu Yixuan Wang Yan Sun Nian Ouyang Jun Qian 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2015,29(8):1197-1202
A simple, rapid and reliable liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was established and validated for the determination of methotrexate in human plasma. After a straightforward protein precipitation by acetonitrile–water (70:30, v/v), methotrexate (MTX) and p‐aminoacetophenone (used as internal standard, IS) were separated on a Column C18 column (50 × 2.1 mm, 3 µm; Column Technology, Fremont, CA, USA) using a gradient elution with mobile phase of acetonitrile and 0.03% acetic acid aqueous solution at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The total chromatographic runtime was 5 min for each injection. Quantification detection was performed in a triple‐quadruple tandem mass spectrometer under positive mode monitoring the following mass transitions: m/z 455.3 → 308.3 for MTX and m/z 136.1 → 94.4 for IS. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.05–25.0 µmol/L with a lower limit of quantification of 0.05 µmol/L. The intra‐ and interday precisions were <5.2%, the accuracy varied from ?4.1 to 4.5%. The recovery was >94%. The LC‐MS/MS method showed an excellent agreement with the existing HPLC‐UV method using Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman difference plot analysis. The validated LC‐MS/MS can be successfully applied to the routine therapeutic drug monitoring of MTX in clinical laboratories. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
947.
948.
Abduraouf Alamer Mohamed Abdurhman Yan Zhang Guoan Zhang Shuai Wang 《Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry》2015,407(26):8129-8136
949.
950.
Hengfeng Fan Huafeng Zhou Chaolong Ma Yiqing Huang Yan Li 《Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals》2014,593(1):232-242
The effect of humidity on the holographic grating diffraction efficiency and transmittance kinetics in the E204Q BR gelatin film is investigated. We found a correlation between the accumulation of the red-light absorbing O intermediate in the later part of the E204Q BR photocycle and sharpness (decay to the steady-state) of the holographic recording kinetics. As shown, at humidity exceeding 95% the ratio between the peak and steady-state of the diffraction efficiency for the weak probe beam (670 nm) can reach 8.7 in the E204Q BR film, which is sufficient for realization of an efficient novelty filter. 相似文献