常压低温等离子体有效去除催化CO氧化的金原子团簇的保护剂（英文）

采用介质阻挡放电等离子体技术可以在低温、常压下实现对纳米金催化剂中保护基团的有效去除.本文通过对不同保护基团(聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和半胱氨酸)保护的金催化剂进行等离子体预处理,发现采用该技术能有效去除载体中的层间阴离子,还可能将金原子与保护基团之间的化学键打断.通过X射线粉末衍射对等离子体处理后的样品和未经处理的样品进行表征,发现经等离子体处理后的样品,载体从水滑石结构变为复合氧化物结构,这说明等离子体处理可将载体中的羟基和羰基除去,从而引起载体结构变化.热重分析结果显示,经等离子体处理后的样品失重量(19%-23%)与未处理样品的失重量(31%)相比差10%左右,这说明采用该方法可以在一定程度上去除纳米金表面保护基团和载体的层间阴离子.用紫外-可见光谱和高角环形暗场像-扫描透射电子显微镜对催化剂中金颗粒的尺寸分布和平均粒径进行分析,发现金颗粒在等离子体处理过后其粒径没有发生严重聚集,平均粒径由未处理时的1.4-1.7 nm轻微长大至2.4-3.7 nm.以含硫醇化合物(半胱氨酸)保护的金原子团簇催化剂为例考察了等离子体不同处理时间的影响,发现随着处理时间从25 min延长至150 min,样品的颜色从浅紫色变为暗紫色.结合XRD和TGA等结果可知,随着处理时间的延长,催化剂中保护基团的去除度逐渐提高.CO氧化反应活性评价结果显示,与未经处理的样品相比,经等离子体处理后的样品催化CO氧化反应活性有明显提高,且随预处理时间延长,活性有提高的趋势.动力学测试结果表明,经等离子体处理后的样品催化CO氧化的表观活化能低至1.2-2.9 k J/mol,接近于文献中报道的Au/TiO_2催化剂.这说明作为一种催化剂处理方法,介质阻挡放电等离子体技术可以有效去除催化剂中的保护剂,且因其处理条件相对温和,可在一定程度上保持金颗粒尺寸的稳定,这对于控制合成负载型小尺寸的金催化剂具有重要意义.     

Pd-catalyzed oxidative homo-coupling of acrylates and aromatic alkenes for the conjugated diene synthesis

We developed a bidentate monoanionic nitrogen ligand that was effective in the Pd-catalyzed oxidative homo-coupling reaction of acrylates and aromatic alkenes. In the presence of Pd(OAc)₂/ligand several conjugated dienes were obtained in good yields with high stereoselectivities.     

Simplified fabrication of high areal capacitance all-solid-state micro-supercapacitors based on graphene and MnO2 nanosheets

A universal simplified strategy was developed to fabricate all-solid-state planar micro-supercapacitors with high areal capacitance (~355 mF/cm²), based on interdigital patterned films of 2D pseudocapacitive MnO₂ nanosheets and electrochemically exfoliated graphene.     

Mechanofluorochromic Carbon Nanodots: Controllable Pressure‐Triggered Blue‐ and Red‐Shifted Photoluminescence

Mechanofluorochromic materials, which change their photoluminescence (PL) colors in responding to mechanical stimuli, can be used as mechanosensors, security papers, and photoelectronic devices. However, traditional mechanofluorochromic materials can only be adjusted to a monotone direction upon the external stimuli. Controllable pressure‐triggered blue‐ and red‐shifted PL is reported for C‐dots. The origin of mechanofluorochromism (MFC) in C‐dots is interpreted based on structure–property relationships. The carbonyl group and the π‐conjugated system play key roles in the PL change of C‐dots under high pressure. As the pressure increases, the enhanced π–π stacking of the π‐conjugated system causes the red‐shift of PL, while the conversion of carbonyl groups eventually induces a blue‐shift. Together with their low toxicity, good hydrophilicity, and small size, the tunable MFC property would boost various potential applications of C‐dots.     

A Diazido Mannose Analogue as a Chemoenzymatic Synthon for Synthesizing Di‐N‐acetyllegionaminic Acid‐Containing Glycosides

A chemoenzymatic synthon was designed to expand the scope of the chemoenzymatic synthesis of carbohydrates. The synthon was enzymatically converted into carbohydrate analogues, which were readily derivatized chemically to produce the desired targets. The strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of glycosides containing 7,9‐di‐N‐acetyllegionaminic acid (Leg5,7Ac₂), a bacterial nonulosonic acid (NulO) analogue of sialic acid. A versatile library of α2‐3/6‐linked Leg5,7Ac₂‐glycosides was built by using chemically synthesized 2,4‐diazido‐2,4,6‐trideoxymannose as a chemoenzymatic synthon for highly efficient one‐pot multienzyme (OPME) sialylation followed by downstream chemical conversion of the azido groups into acetamido groups. The syntheses required 10 steps from commercially available d ‐fucose and had an overall yield of 34–52 %, thus representing a significant improvement over previous methods. Free Leg5,7Ac₂ monosaccharide was also synthesized by a sialic acid aldolase‐catalyzed reaction.     

Light‐Driven Shape‐Memory Porous Films with Precisely Controlled Dimensions

Shape‐memory polymers (SMPs) are an intriguing class of smart materials possessing reversible shape change and recovery capabilities. Effective routes to shape‐memory porous films (SMPFs) are few and limited in scope owing to the difficulty in manipulating the shape change of pores by conventional methods. Herein we report an unconventional strategy for crafting light‐driven SMPFs by judiciously constructing highly ordered porous films via a facile “breath figure” approach, followed by sequential vapor crosslinking and nondestructive directional light manipulation. Micropores can thus be transformed into other shapes including rectangle, rhombus and size‐reduced micropores at room temperature. The transformed micropores can be reverted to their original shapes by either thermal annealing or UV irradiation. As such, this strategy expands the rich diversity of SMPs accessible.     

An Exceptionally Close,Non‐Bonded Hydrogen–Hydrogen Contact with Strong Through‐Space Spin–Spin Coupling

Condensation of 1,8,13‐tris(mercaptomethyl)triptycene and tris(bromomethyl)methane yields an in,in‐cyclophane with two inwardly directed methine groups. Based on X‐ray analysis and DFT and MP2 calculations, the hydrogen–hydrogen non‐bonded contact distance is estimated to be 1.50–1.53 Å. Furthermore, the two in‐hydrogen atoms show obvious spin–spin coupling with J=2.0 Hz.     

Decarboxylative nucleophilic difluoromethylation of aldehydes and imines

The high demand for the biologically active CF₂H-molecules has stimulated significant efforts to develop efficient methods for the installation of CF₂H functionality. We found that phenylsulfonyl difluoroacetate salt (PhSO₂CF₂CO₂^? K⁺) could directly undergo decarboxylation under warming conditions to produce active anion (PhSO₂CF₂^?) without the need of any base or additive, thus allowing for the subsequent nucleophilic (phenylsulfonyl)difluoromethylation of aldehydes or imines to give PhSO₂CF₂-alcohols or -amines, respectively. Interestingly, the removal of PhSO₂ group was achieved simply by elevating the reaction temperature for the conversion of aldehydes to afford CF₂H-ketones.     

Organocatalytic enantioselective transformations involving quinone derivatives as reaction partners

This digest summarizes the recent progress made in the organocatalytic asymmetric reactions involving 1,4-quinone derivatives. The roles of quinones as Michael donors, Michael acceptors, dienophiles, 1,3-dipolarophiles and cascade reaction partners have been extensively investigated to access complex structural frameworks in the presence of chiral amine catalysts, phosphoric acid catalysts, bifunctional catalysts (Cinchona alkaloids- and thiourea-based), carboxylic acid catalysts, boronic acid catalysts and cationic oxazaborolidinium ions.     

新型咔唑类卟啉的合成与性能

以咔唑、对氟苯甲醛和吡咯为原料制得meso-四（4-咔唑）苯基卟啉（TCPP）。以对硝基苯甲醛与吡咯为原料制得meso-四(4-硝基)苯基卟啉（TNPP）; TNPP经还原反应制得meso-四（4-氨基苯基）卟啉（TAPP）; TAPP与咔唑苯甲醛经缩合反应制得新型meso-四[对-（P-N-咔唑基亚苄基亚氨基）]苯基卟啉(TCIPP),其结构和性能经UV-Vis, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, IR,元素分析和循环伏安法（CV）表征。结果表明：TCPP在270~300 nm处有新吸收峰;TCIPP的Q带和B带相比于TCPP有明显红移。TCPP和TCIPP的E_LUMO和E_HOMO分别为-3.18 eV, -5.17 eV和-3.49 eV, -5.08 eV,两者的能级结构与纳米TiO₂的导带能级相匹配。