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161.
162.
Yew Hoong Leong Jaguthsing Dindyal Tin Lam Toh Khiok Seng Quek Eng Guan Tay Sieu Tee Lou 《ZDM》2011,43(6-7):819-831
Problem solving is at the heart of the Singapore Mathematics curriculum. However, it remains a challenge for teachers to realise this curricular goal in practice. Here, we review the efforts of Singapore mathematics teacher educators in incorporating problem-solving (teaching) competency in teacher education and PD programmes. We discuss conceptual and practical issues, actions taken and changes made in building teachers?? capacity to enact a problem-solving curriculum in a school-based design experiment project. In the project, teachers learnt problem solving, observed and then carried out lessons, using the ??Mathematics Practical????akin to the science practical??as key to instruction and assessment. 相似文献
163.
Orienteering problem is a well researched routing problem which is a generalization of the traveling salesman problem. Team orienteering problem (TOP) is the extended version of the orienteering problem with more than one member in the team. In this paper the first known discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm has been developed for 2, 3 and 4-member TOP. In the DPSO meta-heuristic novel methods have been introduced for the initial particle generation process. Reduced variable neighborhood search and 2-opt were applied as the local search tools. The efficacy of the algorithm was tested using seven commonly used benchmark problem sets ranging in size from 21 to 102 nodes. The results of the DPSO algorithm were compared against seven other heuristic algorithms that have been developed for TOP. It was concluded that the developed DPSO algorithm for the TOP is competitive and robust across the benchmark problem sets. 相似文献
164.
Aprile E Arisaka K Arneodo F Askin A Baudis L Behrens A Bokeloh K Brown E Bruch T Bruno G Cardoso JM Chen WT Choi B Cline D Duchovni E Fattori S Ferella AD Gao F Giboni KL Gross E Kish A Lam CW Lamblin J Lang RF Levy C Lim KE Lin Q Lindemann S Lindner M Lopes JA Lung K Undagoitia TM Mei Y Fernandez AJ Ni K Oberlack U Orrigo SE Pantic E Persiani R Plante G Ribeiro AC Santorelli R dos Santos JM Sartorelli G Schumann M Selvi M Shagin P Simgen H Teymourian A Thers D Vitells O Wang H Weber M 《Physical review letters》2011,107(13):131302
We present results from the direct search for dark matter with the XENON100 detector, installed underground at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso of INFN, Italy. XENON100 is a two-phase time-projection chamber with a 62 kg liquid xenon target. Interaction vertex reconstruction in three dimensions with millimeter precision allows the selection of only the innermost 48 kg as the ultralow background fiducial target. In 100.9 live days of data, acquired between January and June 2010, no evidence for dark matter is found. Three candidate events were observed in the signal region with an expected background of (1.8 ± 0.6) events. This leads to the most stringent limit on dark matter interactions today, excluding spin-independent elastic weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) nucleon scattering cross sections above 7.0 × 10(-45) cm(2) for a WIMP mass of 50 GeV/c(2) at 90% confidence level. 相似文献
165.
Vuong QL Gillis P Gossuin Y 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2011,212(1):139-148
Superparamagnetic particles are widely used in MRI as R2 contrast agents. In this last decade, different studies have focused on aggregation of superparamagnetic particles for important applications such as multimodal agents. A complete study--via simulations--of the influence of aggregation on the MR efficiency of these particles at high magnetic field is presented here. First, an empirical expression is proposed for R2 in the presence of uniformly distributed nanoparticles, taking into account two regimes at once (motional averaging and slow motion regimes). Three cluster shapes are simulated: Sphere, shell and line. An analytical model is proposed to understand water transverse relaxation induced by spherical and shell aggregates. Simulations lead to the conclusion that, in the motional averaging regime, the most efficient aggregate contrast agent is the densest sphere or shell. 相似文献
166.
Tang HW Wong MY Lam W Cheng YC Che CM Ng KM 《Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM》2011,25(24):3690-3696
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were applied and optimized as matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of animal tissues, and enabled histological analysis of animal tissues at molecular level by imaging mass spectrometry (IMS). AuNPs were coated on animal tissue in a solvent-free manner via argon ion sputtering. Metabolites, including neurotransmitters, fatty acids and nucleobases, were directly detected from mouse brain tissue. Based on region-specific chemical profiles, fine histological features of mouse brain tissue and heterogeneous regions of tumor tissue were both revealed. 相似文献
167.
Xiaoli Zhao Zhaoyang Li Wenguang Liu Wingmoon Lam Peng Sun Richard Y. T. Kao Keith D. K. Luk William W. Lu 《Journal of nanoparticle research》2011,13(2):693-702
Protein transduction domains (PTD) have been identified to have the capacity to facilitate molecular cargo to translocate
through cell membrane. This study aims to utilize the cell membrane penetrating ability of octaarginine oligopeptide, a simplified
prototype of the PTD, to enhance the transfection efficiency of chitosan. Octaarginine-modified chitosan (R8-CS) was synthesized as a gene transfer carrier by carbodiimide chemistry. The structure and composition of R8-CSs were characterized using FTIR and 1H NMR. Agarose gel electrophoresis assay showed that R8-CS could efficiently condense the DNA. The particle size of R8-CS/DNA complexes were determined to be around 100–200 nm. The nanoparticle complexes exhibited a spherical and compact morphology.
R8-CS demonstrated higher transfection activity and lower cytotoxicity as compared to the unmodified chitosan and also showed
good serum resistance. 相似文献
168.
We present an all-fiber bidirectional passively mode-locked soliton laser with what we believe is a novel cavity configuration. Using a four-port circulator, we incorporate two different semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) into the laser cavity, which enables bidirectional mode locking. The laser allows the generation of two independent countercirculating mode-locked pulse trains, each with an individual fundamental repetition rate that can be adjusted by varying the SESAM pigtail length. Two countercirculating pulse trains with repetition rates of 21.3 and 15.2 MHz are obtained simultaneously. By controlling the intracavity loss imposed on these two pulse trains, either one of the two pulse trains can be switched on or off. The bidirectional operation with other repetition rates is also demonstrated. 相似文献
169.
170.
A Model for Evaluation of Transport Policies in Multimodal Networks with Road and Parking Capacity Constraints 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zhi-Chun Li Hai-Jun Huang William H. K. Lam S. C. Wong 《Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms》2007,6(2):239-257
This paper presents a model for evaluation of transport policies in multimodal networks with road and parking capacity constraints.
The proposed model simultaneously considers choices of travelers on route, parking location and mode between auto and transit.
In the proposed model, it is assumed that auto drivers make a simultaneous route and parking location choice in a user equilibrium
manner, and the modal split between auto and transit follows a multinomial logit formulation. A mathematical programming model
with capacity constraints on road link and parking facilities is proposed that generates optimality conditions equivalent
to the requirements for multimodal network equilibrium. An augmented Lagrangian dual algorithm embedded by partial linearization
approach is developed to solve the proposed model. Numerical results on two example networks are presented to illustrate the
proposed methodology. The results show that the service level of transit, parking charges, road link and parking capacities,
and addition of a new parking location may bring significant impacts on travelers’ behavior and network performance. In addition,
transport policies may result in paradoxical phenomenon. 相似文献