Syntheses of L‐Glutamic Acid Analogues for Neuroexcitatory Activity Studies

Starting from D–serine, (2S,3S)‐, (2S,3R)‐substituted‐L‐glutamic acids were prepared via Claisen rearrangement methodology. A variety of the substituents can be introduced at the C‐3 of the L‐glutamic acid backbone.     

Total Synthesis of Carpacin and its Geometric Isomer as a Cancer Chemopreventer

Carpacin ( 1a ), an antidepressant in Asiatic folk medicine from the Carpano tree, is achieved in which the longest linear sequence is only four steps in over all yield 67% from commercially available Sesamol. The key transformations in the synthesis are the selective palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl bromide with Grignard reagents. The first preparation of its geometric isomer ( 1b ) is described. Highlights of the synthesis include Pd‐catalyzed coupling, selective hydrogenation, and Wittig reactions. Carpacin was examined as a potential inhibitor of carcinogenesis.     

SYNTHESIS AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF VINYL POLYMERINORGANIC HYBRID AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS

We describe the sol-gel synthesis of a new family of organic-inorganic hybrid materials, in which various vinylpolymers are covalently bonded to and uniformly distributed in inorganic oxide matrices. The materials can be tailored tohave both good toughness and hardness while maintaining excellent optical transparency. Doping the sol-gel metal oxideswith optically active compounds such as D-glucose results in new optical rotatory composite materials. Removal of thedopant compounds from the composites affords mesoporous oxide materials, which represents a new, nonsurfactant-templated route to mesoporous molecular sieves. We have successfully immobilized a series of enzymes and other bioactiveagents in mesoporous materials. Catalytical activities of the enzyme encapsulated in mesoporous materials were found to bemuch higher than those encapsulated in microporous materials.     

苯胺低聚物-二氧化硅复合纳米粒子作为高密度信息存储材料的初步探讨

近年来,在有机半导体中,聚苯胺低聚物已成为最为广泛的关注热点之一[1]．这不仅是因为它们与母体聚苯胺相比,有着良好的溶解性和确定的化学结构以及较低的杂质含量[2]．而且,通过改变共轭链长度或进行不同程度的化学修饰,如改变分子链上末端基团等,来调节它们的电子特性[3,4],使其能带值能够调制到所要求的范围内,以满足电子器件的诸多要求［’j．苯胺低聚物的这些优点及其3种相对稳定的氧化态形式使其作为高密度信息存储材料有巨大的潜力．将其以纳米粒子形式进行二维有序组装,使每一个粒子成为一个信息纪录点是我们目前所面临的…     

氨基封端苯胺五聚体的合成及紫外光谱研究

对苯胺齐聚物的研究论文始于1907年,其结构和电化学性质与聚苯胺相似,易于加工,可用于金属防腐蚀引、化学传感器及催化氧化等方面,从而成为导电高分子的又一研究热点．在苯基/氨基封端(母体)、双苯基封端和双氨基封端中,前两种齐聚物已有大量研究．后一类齐聚物虽可用作电活性聚合物的单体和环氧防腐蚀涂料的固化剂,     

Polymerization of 7-phenyl-2,6-dimethylquinone methide and its derivatives

7-Phenyl-, 7-chlorophenyl-,7-methylphenyl-, and 7-trifluoromethylphenylquinone methide were synthesized to investigate the anionic polymerization of quinone methide. Novel high molecular weight polymers have been prepared and the substitution effects of the monomers on polymerization kinetics were determined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Determination of nuclear parameters by inelastic electron scattering at low-momentum transfer

The second-order Born-approximation treatment of Cutler and Schucan was applied to inelastic electron scattering data on ⁶Li, ⁶⁰Ni, and ¹¹⁴Cd acquired at low momentum transfers. The form factors as a function of momentum transfer q in the range of 0.25–0.57 fm^?1 were obtained by angular distribution measurements performed at incident energies of 30 to 60 MeV. The correlation between two parameters deduced from the measurements, the reduced transition probability B(E2↑) and the transition radius R⁽²⁾_tr, is discussed. It is suggested that inelastic electron scattering data at low-q is best used either in conjunction with an accurate value of B(EL↑) (available from the model-independent analysis of “photon” experiments at zero momentum transfer) to allow accurate determination of R⁽²⁾_tr, or in conjunction with high-q inelastic electron scattering data to allow accurate determination of B(EL↑) as well as R⁽²⁾_tr.     

Crystallization behavior and morphology of poly(ethylene‐co‐trimethylene terephthalate)s

The melt crystallization behaviors and crystalline structures of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(trimethylene terephthalate), and poly(ethylene‐co‐trimethylene terephthalate) (PETT) were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and X‐ray diffraction at various crystallization temperatures (T_cs). The PETT copolymers were synthesized via the polycondensation of terephthalate with ethylene glycol and trimethylene glycol (TG) in various compositions. The copolymers with 69.0 mol % or more TG or 31.0 mol % or less TG were crystallizable, but the other copolymers containing 34–56 mol % TG were amorphous. The DSC isothermal results revealed that the addition of a small amount of flexible TG (up to 21 mol %) to the PET structure slightly reduced the formation of three‐dimensional spherulites. A greater TG concentration (91–100%) in the copolyesters changed the crystal growth from two‐dimensional to three‐dimensional. The DSC heating scans after the completion of isothermal crystallization at various T_cs showed three melting endotherms for PET, PETT‐88, PETT‐84, and PETT‐79 and four melting endotherms for PETT‐9 and PETT. The presence of an additional melting endotherm could be attributed to the melting of thinner and imperfect copolyester crystallites. Analyses of the Lauritzen–Hoffman equation demonstrated that PETT‐88 had the highest values of the product of the lateral and folding surface free energies, and this suggested that the addition of small amounts of flexible trimethylene terephthalate segments to PET disturbed chain regularity, thus increasing molecular chain mobility. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 4255–4271, 2004     

Preparation,morphology, and thermoresponsive properties of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)‐based copolymer microgels

In this research, thermoresponsive copolymer latex particles with an average diameter of about 200–500 nm were prepared via surfactant‐free emulsion polymerization. The thermoresponsive properties of these particles were designed by the addition of hydrophilic monomers [acrylic acid (AA) and sodium acrylate (SA)] to copolymerize with N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm). The effects of the comonomers and composition on the synthesis mechanism, kinetics, particle size, morphology, and thermoresponsive properties of the copolymer latex were also studied to determine the relationships between the synthesis conditions, the particle morphology, and the thermoresponsive properties. The results showed that the addition of hydrophilic AA or SA affected the mechanism and kinetics of polymerization. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the latex copolymerized with AA rose to a higher temperature. However, because the strong hydrophilic and ionic properties of SA caused a core–shell structure, where NIPAAm was in the inner core and SA was in the outer shell, the LCST of the latex copolymerized with SA was still the same as that of pure poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) latex. It was concluded that these submicrometer copolymer latex particles with different thermoresponsive properties could be applied in many fields. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 356–370, 2006     

First-principles calculation for bowing parameter of wurtzite AlxGa1-xN

Numerical calculation based on first-principles is applied to study the structural characteristics and the band-energy properties of wurtzite Al_xGa_1-xN. The lattice constants obtained from the equilibrium energy are larger than those obtained from the Vegard’s law. The deviation parameter is 0.040±0.005 Å for the a lattice constant and 0.125±0.009 Å for the c lattice constant. The band gap energy is overestimated with the Vegard’s law. The bowing parameter of direct (indirect) band gap energy of 0.752±0.069 eV (0.889±0.057 eV) is obtained with the equilibrium lattice constants, and 0.352±0.046 eV (0.271±0.056 eV) is obtained with the lattice constants derived from the Vegard’s law. PACS 71.15.-m; 71.20.Nr; 81.05.Ea