Strong visible PL from the nc-Si thin film by Ni silicide mediated crystallization

We studied the growth of nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin film exhibiting a strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) at 1.81–2.003 eV. The amorphous silicon was crystallized by Ni silicide mediated crystallization (Ni SMC) and then Secco-etched to exhibit the PL. The PL peak energy and intensity increase with increasing the metal density on the a-Si because of the reduction in the grain size down to 2 nm. The photoluminescence energy and peak intensity depend strongly on the Secco etch time because the grain size is reduced by etching the grain boundaries.     

Centrality dependence of charged-hadron transverse-momentum spectra in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV

We have measured transverse momentum distributions of charged hadrons produced in d+Au collisions at sqrt[s(NN)]=200 GeV. The spectra were obtained for transverse momenta 0.25相似文献   

Acoustic behaviour and equation of state of amorphous ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer studied by means of high-pressure Brillouin scattering spectroscopy

The determination of the equation of state (EOS) of amorphous materials is very important for fundamental understanding of the glass transition and applications as well. Simultaneous observation of both longitudinal and transverse acoustic modes by Brillouin scattering spectroscopy has been one of the major methods to obtain EOS of amorphous materials. However, the transverse acoustic mode is hardly seen from some of the amorphous polymers, which makes it difficult to derive EOS. The temperature and pressure dependences of the acoustic properties of amorphous ethylene–vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer were measured by using high-pressure Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. The temperature variation induced large changes in the frequency shift and linewidth of the longitudinal acoustic mode due to strong coupling between the structural relaxation process and the propagating density fluctuations. The residual linewidth in the glassy state was attributed to the remnant intramolecular motions of EVA, the activation energy of which was estimated to be ～3.30 ± 0.27 kcal/mol. The pressure–density relationship of EVA could be obtained for the first time by measuring the refractive index and using the Lorentz–Lorenz equation. The density and the refractive index exhibited monotonic increase up to approximately 12 GPa. The strong reduction of the acoustic damping at low pressures below ～3 GPa was attributed to the collapsing free volume in EVA. The present study clearly shows that measuring the refractive index by high-pressure Brillouin spectroscopy may be an alternative method to get the EOS of polymeric materials whose transverse acoustic mode is too weak to be observed.     

Painleve Integrability of Nonlinear SchrSdinger Equations with both Space- and Time-Dependent Coefficients

We investigate the Painleve integrabiiity of nonautonomous nonlinear Schr6dinger （NLS） equations with both space-and time-dependent dispersion, nonlinearity, and external potentials. The Painleve analysis is carried out without using the Kruskal＇s simplification, which results in more generalized form of inhomogeneous equations. The obtained equations are shown to be reducible to the standard NLS equation by using a point transformation. We also construct the corresponding Lax pair and carry out its Kundu-type reduction to the standard Lax pair. Special cases of equations from choosing limited form of coefficients coincide with the equations from the previous Painleve analyses and/or become unknown new equations.     

A flexible carbon nanotube field emitter fabricated on a polymer substrate by a laser separation method

The fabrication of a sparsely networked carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film on a polycarbonate substrate as the conductor electrode and the emitting cathode by a newly proposed laser separation method is reported. Based on this approach, numerous surface protruding tube tips can be structured straightforwardly, which results in favorable field-emission characteristics. A flexible field emitter with a low turn-on voltage of 1.0 V/μm can be obtained. This method also demonstrates the abilities for fabricating a film with precision patterns and varying CNT concentrations as well as the flexibility of direct film formation on a curved surface. Moreover, all fabrication steps are executed in the ambient environment and at room temperature.     

Intramolecular Diels–Alder reaction in enyne–allenes: a computational investigation and comparison with the Myers–Saito and Schmittel reactions

The reaction mechanisms as well as substituted effect and solvent effect of the enyne–allenes are investigated by Density Functional Theory (DFT) method and compared with the Myers–Saito and Schmittel reactions. The Myers–Saito reaction of non‐substituted enyne–allenes is kinetically and thermodynamically favored as compared to the Schmittel reaction; while the concerted [4 + 2] cycloaddition is only 1.32 kcal/mol higher than the C₂? C₇ cyclization and more exothermic (Δ_RE = ?69.38 kcal/mol). For R₁ = CH₃ and t‐Bu, the increasing barrier of the C₂? C₇ cyclization is higher than that for the C₂? C₆ cyclization because of the steric effect, so the increased barrier of the [4 + 2] cycloaddition is affected by such substituted electron‐releasing group. Moreover, the strong steric effect of R₁ = t‐Bu would shift the C₂? C₇ cyclization to the [4 + 2] cycloaddition. On the other hand, for R₁ = Ph, NH₂, O^?, NO₂, and CN substituents, the barrier of the C₂? C₆ cyclization would be more diminished than the C₂? C₇ cyclization due to strong mesomeric effect; the reaction path of C₂? C₇ cyclization would also shift to the [4 + 2] cycloaddition. The solvation does not lead to significant changes in the potential‐energy surface of the reaction except for the more polar surrounding solvent such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), or water. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Painlevé Integrability of Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with bothSpace- and Time-Dependent Coefficients

We investigate the Painlevé integrability of nonautonomous nonlinearSchrödinger (NLS) equations with both space- and time-dependent dispersion, nonlinearity, and external potentials. The Painlevé analysis is carried out without using the Kruskal's simplification, which results in more generalized form of inhomogeneous equations. The obtained equations are shown to be reducible to the standard NLS equation by using a point transformation. We also construct the corresponding Lax pair and carry out its Kundu-type reduction to the standard Lax pair. Special cases of equations from choosing limited form of coefficients coincide with the equations from the previous Painlevé analyses and/or become unknown new equations.     

Bound states and resonance states of the plasma-embedded tdμ and ddμ molecular ions

We have investigated the bound states and resonance states of plasma-embedded tdμ and ddμ molecular ions using accurate correlated basis functions. The plasma effect has been taken care of by considering the Debye shielding approach of plasma modeling which admits a variety of plasma conditions. The density of resonance states are calculated using the stabilization method. The ground and excited states energies, and the S-wave resonance energies of tdμ and ddμ molecular ions immersed in plasmas are reported for various shielding parameters, along with the 1S and 2S threshold energies of the tμ and dμ atoms.     

Interfaces in perovskite heterostructures

Recent advances in film synthesis have made it possible to investigate the properties of well-controlled interfaces in perovskite metal-oxides. A review of published experimental data and computational results indicate that so far most interfaces that have been analyzed in ferroelectric materials—while necessary to impose large lattice strain on the polar material—contribute little to the ferroelectricity and may instead be detrimental to the desired properties. In contrast, a very different situation arises at interfaces that show changes in the electronic configuration as a consequence of a compositional discontinuity. Data is shown for LaMnO₃/SrTiO₃ superlattices as an example of electronic effects that produce enhanced properties, further illustrating the richness of interfacial properties that can be obtained at interfaces (as shown in numerous published results for different but related interfaces).