全文获取类型
收费全文 | 11418篇 |
免费 | 1497篇 |
国内免费 | 1103篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 7702篇 |
晶体学 | 125篇 |
力学 | 491篇 |
综合类 | 102篇 |
数学 | 1567篇 |
物理学 | 4031篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 24篇 |
2023年 | 213篇 |
2022年 | 362篇 |
2021年 | 357篇 |
2020年 | 434篇 |
2019年 | 432篇 |
2018年 | 407篇 |
2017年 | 403篇 |
2016年 | 535篇 |
2015年 | 508篇 |
2014年 | 665篇 |
2013年 | 960篇 |
2012年 | 946篇 |
2011年 | 934篇 |
2010年 | 664篇 |
2009年 | 561篇 |
2008年 | 719篇 |
2007年 | 689篇 |
2006年 | 549篇 |
2005年 | 480篇 |
2004年 | 340篇 |
2003年 | 273篇 |
2002年 | 266篇 |
2001年 | 233篇 |
2000年 | 243篇 |
1999年 | 203篇 |
1998年 | 191篇 |
1997年 | 159篇 |
1996年 | 171篇 |
1995年 | 154篇 |
1994年 | 114篇 |
1993年 | 101篇 |
1992年 | 86篇 |
1991年 | 66篇 |
1990年 | 70篇 |
1989年 | 48篇 |
1988年 | 45篇 |
1987年 | 41篇 |
1986年 | 37篇 |
1985年 | 53篇 |
1984年 | 31篇 |
1983年 | 27篇 |
1982年 | 26篇 |
1981年 | 27篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 20篇 |
1977年 | 17篇 |
1976年 | 24篇 |
1974年 | 17篇 |
1968年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
131.
A high-performance capillary electrophoretic (CE) method with electrochemical detection (ED) has been developed for determination of the pharmacologically active flavonoids in Ginkgo biloba L. and phytopharmaceuticals containing its extract. Epicatechin, catechin, rutin, apigenin, luteolin, and quercetin are important flavonoids in this plant. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300 micro m diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as working electrode with good response to the six analytes at +1000 mV (relative to the SCE). Under the optimum conditions, the analytes were separated within 22 min in a borax buffer (pH 9.0). Excellent linearity was obtained over two orders of magnitude and detection limits (S/N=3) ranged from 1.4 x 10(-7) to 5.0 x 10(-7) g mL(-1) for all six analytes. The method was successfully used for assay of Ginkgo biloba L. and its phytopharmaceuticals after a relatively simple extraction procedure; the results obtained were satisfactory. 相似文献
132.
A novel mode of affinity chromatography (AC) based on an open tubular capillary column (OTAC) is demonstrated. The OTAC column is prepared by immobilizing Cibacron blue F3GA onto the inner surface of a 50-microm-i.d. capillary column. The AC experiment is performed on a capillary electrophoresis instrument by using its pressure system as the driving force. Bovine serum albumin and lysozyme (Lys) are successfully separated with stepwise gradient elution. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the elution time of the retained Lys is 0.08%, and good repeatability of its peak area and peak height with an RSD value lower than 2.12% for 10 consecutive runs is observed. The loading capacity and detection limit for the retained Lys are approximately 36 ng and 8.6 ng, respectively. It is also found that the amount of protein adsorbed is unaffected by the flow rate of the loading buffer, and OTAC can be used for the fast determination of biopolymers. Some of the advantages of OTAC over conventional modes of open tubular capillary liquid chromatography are that the detection sensitivity and loading capacity of a sample can be greatly improved, because the relatively large inner diameter of the capillary can be adopted and the whole capillary column can be used to adsorb the solute in OTAC. 相似文献
133.
免疫亲和柱净化/柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱荧光检测法测定粮谷中的T-2毒素 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
建立了免疫亲和柱净化/柱前衍生化-高效液相色谱荧光检测器测定粮谷中T-2毒素含量的方法。样品经甲醇-水(体积比为80∶20)混合溶剂提取,通过免疫亲和柱(IAC)净化,以氰酸蒽(1-AN)为衍生化试剂、4-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂进行衍生,以ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 柱为分离柱,乙腈-水(体积比为80∶20)为流动相进行高效液相色谱分离及荧光检测,荧光检测的激发波长为381 nm,发射波长为470 nm。T-2毒素的质量浓度为0.01~1.5 mg/L时与峰高呈良好的线性,相关系数为0.9985。在0.01~1.5 μg/g添加水平下,回收率为79.7%~94.5%,相对标准偏差小于7%;检出限(S/N=3)为0.01 μg/g。该方法净化效果好,灵敏度高,操作简便快速。 相似文献
134.
The direct electron transfer reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) at a bare silver electrode is verified. The electron transfer number n = 2, electron transfer coefficient α = 0.45 and rate constant of the electrochemical reaction Ks = 0.1 s−1 are obtained. This communication presents a multimolecular adsorption model to explain the properties of the direct electron reaction between GOx and bare silver electrodes. The residual valence force may be an important factor to ensure a direct electron transfer reaction on the bare electrode. On the basis of the experimental fact that only biologically active GOx exhibits electrochemical activity in solution, a facile analytical method for analyzing the active GOx concentration is developed. The results determined correspond very well to that of a spectrometric method. 相似文献
135.
In the analysis of gene expression profiles, the number of tissue samples with genes expression levels available is usually small compared with the number of genes. This can lead either to possible overfitting or even to a complete failure in analysis of microarray data. The selection of genes that are really indicative of the tissue classification concerned is becoming one of the key steps in microarray studies. In the present paper, we have combined the modified discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) and support vector machines (SVM) for tumor classification. The modified discrete PSO is applied to select genes, while SVM is used as the classifier or the evaluator. The proposed approach is used to the microarray data of 22 normal and 40 colon tumor tissues and showed good prediction performance. It has been demonstrated that the modified PSO is a useful tool for gene selection and mining high dimension data. 相似文献
136.
137.
The alkylation of ethylenethiourea with alcohols and aqueous acids (HCl, HBr, and HI) allows the synthesis of the respective S-alkyl-isothioureas in high yield and purity. Consistently high yields (91-98%) were obtained with 56% HI, the yields for 48% HBr (48-93%) and 37% HCl (36-85%) were lower and varied with the type of alcohol. The method is a convenient low-cost alternative to the use of alkyl iodides and an easy access to the S-tert-butyl isothiourea. 相似文献
138.
The cover picture shows a typical building within the Campus of Xiamen University displaying Chen Jiageng (Tan Kah Kee)'s style. Just like many beautiful buildings designed and constructed by human, Nature “designs and constructs” a huge number of useful molecules with fascinating structures called natural products. Many natural products possess a fused six or seven‐membered carbocyclic unity. On page 315–322, the Huang's group disclosed a three‐step “[2+n]” annulation method for the construction of fused six and seven‐membered carbocyclic enimines and enones. The method starts from simple cyclic ketones and terminal olefinic amides, and relies on both the Suzuki coupling reaction and the olefin‐amide based Friedel‐Crafts type acylating reaction, a method developed by Huang and coworkers.
139.
Periodic, self-consistent, density functional theory calculations have been performed to demonstrate that subsurface oxygen (O(sb)) dramatically increases the reactivity of the Ag(111) surface. O(sb) greatly facilitates the dissociation of H2, O2, and NO and enhances the binding of H, C, N, O, O2, CO, NO, C2H2, and C2H4 on the Ag(111) surface. This effect originates from an O(sb)-induced upshift of the d-band center of the Ag surface and becomes more pronounced at higher O(sb) coverage. Our findings point to the important role that near-surface impurities, such as O(sb), can play in determining the thermochemistry and kinetics of elementary steps catalyzed by transition metal surfaces. 相似文献
140.
An efficient and a quick microwave‐assisted synthesis of benzimidazoles and trisubstituted imidazoles was developed. Three benzimidazoles were obtained as a result of the condensation of 1,2‐phenylenediamine with carboxylic acids and acetoacetic ester without catalyst. A series of trisubstituted imidazoles were synthesized by condensation of benzil, aromatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate in the presence of glacial acetic acid. 相似文献