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961.
Roto Himeno Fumitaka Ohashi Tetsuji Kume Erika Asai Takayuki Ban Takatoshi Suzuki Tamio Iida Hitoe Habuchi Yasuo Tsutsumi Hironori Natsuhara Shuichi Nonomura 《Journal of Non》2012,358(17):2138-2140
The optical properties of Si clathrate, which is believed to have potential as a new Si-based material for optical devices, were investigated in this study. Si clathrates with type II structure (NaxSi136) with low Na content (x = 1.3, 2.0) were synthesized by thermal decomposition of NaSi. The synthesized samples were purified by centrifugation using a solution of CH2Br2–C2Cl4 to remove impurities. Using the obtained high purity samples (Na1.3Si136, 93 wt.%; Na2.0Si136, 90 wt.%), the optical absorption spectra of NaxSi136 were clarified, for the first time, from diffuse reflection measurements. The inclusion of Na in Si136 was found to cause free carrier absorption in the infrared region but had little effect on the fundamental absorption edge found in the visible region. 相似文献
962.
Electrical conductivity of FeO was measured up to 141 GPa and 2480 K in a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell. The results show that rock-salt (B1) type structured FeO metallizes at around 70 GPa and 1900 K without any structural phase transition. We computed fully self-consistently the electronic structure and the electrical conductivity of B1 FeO as a function of pressure and temperature, and found that although insulating as expected at ambient condition, B1 FeO metallizes at high temperatures, consistent with experiments. The observed metallization is related to spin crossover. 相似文献
963.
Jun?SakakibaraEmail author Masaki?Yamashita Tatsuya?Kobayashi Yuichi?Kaji Tetsuro?Oshika 《Experiments in fluids》2012,52(4):831-842
We measured velocity distributions in the anterior chamber of porcine eyes under simulated cataract surgery using stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (stereo-PIV). The surface of the cornea was detected based on the images of laser-induced fluorescent light emitted from fluorescent dye solution introduced in a posterior chamber. A coaxial phacoemulsification procedure was simulated with standard size (standard coaxial phacoemulsification) and smaller (micro coaxial phacoemulsification) surgical instruments. In both cases, an asymmetric flow rate of irrigation was observed, although both irrigation ports had the same dimensions prior to insertion into the eye. In cases where the tip of the handpiece was placed farther away from the top of the cornea, i.e., closer to the crystalline lens, direct impingement of irrigation flow onto the cornea surface was avoided and the flow turned back toward the handpiece along the surface of the corneal endothelium. Viscous shear stress on the corneal endothelium was computed based on the measured mean velocity distribution. The maximum shear stress for most cases exceeded 0.1 Pa, which is comparable to the shear stress that caused detachment of the corneal endothelial cells reported by Kaji et al. in Cornea 24:S55–S58, (2005). When direct impingement of the irrigation flow was avoided, the shear stress was reduced considerably. 相似文献
964.
K. Yamamoto S. Satake H. Yamashita N. Takada M. Misawa 《The European physical journal. Special topics》2009,171(1):205-212
Recently, stricter diesel particulate emission standards have been set in many countries. As for the after-treatment of exhaust
gas, a diesel filter has been developed to trap diesel particles inside small-scale porous structure. Since measurement of
flow in the filter is impossible, the phenomena of particle deposition in the filter are not well understood. In this study,
we conducted Lattice Boltzmann simulation on flow in the newly developed diesel filter. The soot deposition was included to
consider the particle trap in the filter. The inner structure of the diesel filter as well as trapped soot region was scanned
by an X-ray CT technique. Results show that the flow pattern is largely changed when the soot is attached to the filter surface.
By comparing simulation results with CT images, soot accumulation region is well predicted. It is found that the amount of
trapped soot is proportional to the filter back-pressure even when soot deposition probability is changed. 相似文献
965.
966.
Takaya Mitsui Naohisa Hirao Yasuo Ohishi Ryo Masuda Yumiko Nakamura Hirotoshi Enoki Kouji Sakaki Makoto Seto 《Journal of synchrotron radiation》2009,16(6):723-729
An energy‐domain 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectrometer using synchrotron radiation (SR) with a diamond anvil cell (DAC) has been developed for ultrahigh‐pressure measurements. The main optical system consists of a single‐line pure nuclear Bragg reflection from an oscillating 57FeBO3 single crystal near the Néel temperature and an X‐ray focusing device. The developed spectrometer can filter the Doppler‐shifted single‐line 57Fe‐Mössbauer radiation with a narrow bandwidth of neV order from a broadband SR source. The focused incident X‐rays make it easy to measure a small specimen in the DAC. The present paper introduces the design and performance of the SR 57Fe‐Mössbauer spectrometer and its demonstrative applications including the newly discovered result of a pressure‐induced magnetic phase transition of polycrystalline 57Fe3BO6 and an unknown high‐pressure phase of Gd57Fe2 alloy placed in a DAC under high pressures up to 302 GPa. The achievement of Mössbauer spectroscopy in the multimegabar range is of particular interest to researchers studying the nature of the Earth's core. 相似文献
967.
Osamu Yamashita Hirotaka Odahara Takahiro Ochi Kouji Satou 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,94(1):57-64
The resultant local Seebeck coefficient α
R (=α
S−α
T) at the interface of a thermoelement has not yet been measured, although it is an important factor governing the thermoelectric
efficiency, where α
S is the local Seebeck coefficient and α
T is the one caused by the Thomson effect. It is shown in this paper that α
S, α
T, and α
R of the p- and n-type Cu/Bi–Te/Cu composites are obtained analytically and experimentally on the assumption that the local temperature of
the composite on which the temperature difference ΔT is imposed varies linearly with changes in position along the composite. They were indeed estimated as a function of position
from the local experimental data of R,ΔI,ΔT, and V generated by applying an additional current of ±I to the composite, where R is the electrical resistance and ΔI is a current generated by the composite. As a result, it was found that the absolute values of α
S at the hot interface of the p- and n-type composites are approximately 1.5 and 1.4 times higher than their lowest values in the middle region of the composite,
respectively, while those of α
T are less than 8% of α
S all over the composite and are so small that the relation α
R≈α
S can be held. We thus succeeded in measuring α
R at the interfaces of the composite. 相似文献
968.
Osamu Yamashita Hirotaka Odahara Takahiro Ochi Jun-ichi Shigeto 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2009,97(1):133-141
The local Seebeck coefficient α
L
and the resultant Seebeck coefficient α
R
of M/Bi0.88Sb0.12/M (M = Cu and Ni) composites with different thicknesses t
Bi–Sb of Bi–Sb alloy were measured as functions of z and T, where T is the absolute temperature, z is the distance from a center of Bi–Sb alloy to the middle point of two probes and α
L
and α
R
were measured using two probes separated by s=1.0 mm and s=t
Bi−Sb+0.1 mm, respectively. As a result, α
L
was enhanced extremely at the position of 0.2–0.3 mm away from the interfaces, while the local temperature along a composite
varies linearly with changes in z within Bi–Sb alloy. The local maximum of α
R
at 344 K appeared at t
Bi−Sb≈0.9 mm, so that it is expected to increase up to −167 μV/K at t
Bi−Sb=0.87 mm from the expression fitted well to the experimental data, which is 2.1 times as large as the intrinsic α at 344 K of Bi–Sb alloy. Such a local enhancement in α
L
would probably be caused by a temperature gradient across the depletion layer formed at the interface. The thermoelectric
figure of merit ZT of a composite with an optimum t
Bi−Sb of 0.87 mm is expected to reach the large value of 0.98 at 344 K, which corresponds to 4.5 times as high a value as ZT=0.22 at 344 K of Bi–Sb alloy. It is thus considered that the increase in α
L
at the interface is available as a useful mean of further increase in ZT of thermoelectric devices. 相似文献
969.
微尺度扩散火焰特性的数值解析 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
本文以均匀空气流中圆管形成的甲烷射流扩散火焰为对象,用数值解析的方法研究了微尺度扩散火焰的火焰结构和燃烧特性。燃烧反应采用甲烷/空气一步总包反应,喷管壁面采用绝热条件。在Re一定情况下,改变喷口尺寸和喷口流速考察了微扩散火焰的结构和火焰熄灭的尺度效应。数值结果表明,随着喷口直径的增大,微火焰的上方出现回流; Re=12条件下,在喷口直径=0.07 mm时存在熄灭极限;稳定燃烧区的最小发热率约为0.5 W;微尺度条件下,Da数对火焰结构和火焰的熄灭有一定的影响。 相似文献
970.