Conditions for Choquet integral representation of the comonotonically additive and monotone functional

If the universal set X is not compact but locally compact, a comonotonically additive and monotone functional (for short c.m.) on the class of continuous functions with compact support is not represented by one Choquet integral, but represented by the difference of two Choquet integrals. The conditions for which a c.m. functional can be represented by one Choquet integral are discussed.     

Phase transitions in N—n-propylpyridinium-TCNQ2 and N—n-butylpyridinium-TCNQn at high pressures

The electrical resistivity of N-n-propylpyridinium-TCNQ₂ (NPPy-TCNQ₂) and N-n-butylpyridinium-TCNQ_n (NBPy-TCNQ_n) has been measured as a function of temperature and pressure. Phase transitions in these salts have been studied at high pressures. The transition temperature (T_c) in NPPy-TCNQ₂ at atmospheric pressure increased with increasing pressure at the rate of dT_c/dP = + 12.0 degkbar^?1. The value of volume change calculated from the Clapeylon-Clausius relation was + 4.4 cm³ mol^?1. The electrical resistivity along the a- and c-axis increased with increasing pressure below 7 kbar. This anomalous electrical behaviour is closely related to the crystal structure of NPPy-TCNQ₂. The resistivity dropped sharply at about 11 kbar. This abrupt change may be due to a new pressure induced phase transition.The T_c of the NBPy-TCNQ_n increased remarkably with increasing pressure up to 0.7 kbar, above which the phase transition disappeared. The phase transitions of N-n-alkyl-substituted pyridinium TCNQ salts depend strongly on the nature of cations.     

Reply to the note on the flow behaviour of combustion gas in the boundary layer of an MHD generator

The temperature profile in Fig. 3 of Ref. 1 is better approximated by a relation for a turbulent boundary layer than a laminar boundary layer. The critical Reynolds number is expected to be lowered in the flow train of MHD combustion gas because of large turbulence in the combustor and by roughness along the duct.     

Enhancement of sonochemical reaction of terephthalate ion by superposition of ultrasonic fields of various frequencies

The ultrasonic reactor with dual frequency was used and the effect of frequency on the fluorescence intensity of terephthalate ion was experimentally investigated in the frequency range from 176 to 635 kHz. The sonochemical reaction fields were visualized by using sonochemical luminescence of luminol solution. Compared with the fluorescence intensity of terephthalate ion for single frequency, the fluorescence intensity for dual frequency increased. The fluorescence intensity ratio of dual frequency to single frequency had maximum value when the frequency of transducer attached at the bottom wall was comparable in magnitude to that at the side wall. In the case of dual frequency, the sonochemical reaction fields became more extensive in the reactor and more intensive around the center of the reactor.     

Characteristics of heavy ion tracks in bubble detectors

Characteristics of tracks created by heavy ions in bubble detectors have been studied in detail by using four types of super long (23 cm), self-made bubble detectors and six species of high energy heavy ions: ¹²C, ²⁸Si, ⁴⁰Ar, ⁵⁶Fe, ⁸⁴Kr and ¹³²Xe. The following characteristics of heavy ion tracks in bubble detectors have been recognized:

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Hyperfine structure of the electron spin resonance of phosphorus-doped Si nanocrystals

Electronic states of P donors in Si nanocrystals (nc-Si) embedded in insulating glass matrices have been studied by electron spin resonance. Doping of P donors into nc-Si was demonstrated by the observation of optical absorption in the infrared region due to intraconduction band transitions. P hyperfine structure (hfs) was successfully observed at low temperatures. The observed splitting of the hfs was found to be much larger than that of the bulk Si:P and depended strongly on the size of nc-Si. The observed strong size dependence indicates that the enhancement of the hyperfine splitting is caused by the quantum confinement of P donors in nc-Si.     

Role of nickel and manganese in recovery of resistivity in iron-based alloys after low-temperature proton irradiation

This study investigates the recovery of electric resistivity in pure iron, Fe–0.6Ni and Fe–1.5Mn as related to isochronal annealing following 1 MeV proton irradiation at lower temperature than 70 K, focusing on the relationship between solute atoms and irradiation defects. Both nickel and manganese prevent stage I_D recovery, which corresponds to correlated recombination. Stage II recovery is also changed by the addition of a solute, which corresponds to the migration of small interstitial clusters. In both pure iron and Fe–0.6Ni, no evident difference was observed in the stage III region, which corresponds to the migration of vacancies. In contrast, two substages appeared in the Fe–1.5Mn at a higher temperature than stage III_B appeared in pure iron. These substages are considered to represent the release of irradiation-induced defects, which was trapped by manganese.