全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1134篇 |
免费 | 22篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 763篇 |
晶体学 | 12篇 |
力学 | 12篇 |
数学 | 67篇 |
物理学 | 303篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 11篇 |
2016年 | 10篇 |
2015年 | 15篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 46篇 |
2012年 | 39篇 |
2011年 | 41篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 27篇 |
2008年 | 43篇 |
2007年 | 40篇 |
2006年 | 41篇 |
2005年 | 51篇 |
2004年 | 38篇 |
2003年 | 37篇 |
2002年 | 42篇 |
2001年 | 21篇 |
2000年 | 19篇 |
1999年 | 20篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 15篇 |
1994年 | 20篇 |
1993年 | 16篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 14篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 25篇 |
1983年 | 16篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 19篇 |
1980年 | 15篇 |
1979年 | 21篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 18篇 |
1976年 | 18篇 |
1975年 | 23篇 |
1974年 | 21篇 |
1973年 | 17篇 |
1972年 | 18篇 |
1971年 | 10篇 |
1966年 | 9篇 |
1965年 | 12篇 |
排序方式: 共有1157条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
981.
982.
983.
Dr. Jinying Zhang Zhen Zhu Prof. Dr. Yanquan Feng Hitoshi Ishiwata Dr. Yasumitsu Miyata Dr. Ryo Kitaura Dr. Jeremy E. P. Dahl Prof. Dr. Robert M. K. Carlson Dr. Natalie A. Fokina Prof. Dr. Peter R. Schreiner Prof. Dr. David Tománek Prof. Dr. Hisanori Shinohara 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2013,52(13):3717-3721
984.
Hirayama M Ido H Kim K Cho W Tamura K Mizuki J Kanno R 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》2010,132(43):15268-15276
Gaining a thorough understanding of the reactions on the electrode surfaces of lithium batteries is critical for designing new electrode materials suitable for high-power, long-life operation. A technique for directly observing surface structural changes has been developed that employs an epitaxial LiMn(2)O(4) thin-film model electrode and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD). Epitaxial LiMn(2)O(4) thin films with restricted lattice planes (111) and (110) are grown on SrTiO(3) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. In situ SXRD studies have revealed dynamic structural changes that reduce the atomic symmetry at the electrode surface during the initial electrochemical reaction. The surface structural changes commence with the formation of an electric double layer, which is followed by surface reconstruction when a voltage is applied in the first charge process. Transmission electron microscopy images after 10 cycles confirm the formation of a solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer on both the (111) and (110) surfaces and Mn dissolution from the (110) surface. The (111) surface is more stable than the (110) surface. The electrode stability of LiMn(2)O(4) depends on the reaction rate of SEI formation and the stability of the reconstructed surface structure. 相似文献
985.
Surface carboxylation of porous regenerated cellulose beads by 4-acetamide-TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2 system 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Masayuki Hirota Naoyuki Tamura Tsuguyuki Saito Akira Isogai 《Cellulose (London, England)》2009,16(5):841-851
A commercial regenerated bead cellulose was suspended in water at pH 4.8, and oxidized with NaClO2 used as a primary oxidant and catalytic amounts of NaClO and 4-acetamide-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl radical. Carboxylate
groups were formed up to 1.87 mmol/g in the beads by the oxidation of C6 primary hydroxyls to carboxylates without significant
weight losses or morphological changes. The spherical shapes, highly porous surface structures consisting of nano-sized fibrils,
and the cellulose II crystal structure of the original beads were mostly maintained by the oxidation, indicating that the
carboxylate groups formed are predominantly present on the fibril surfaces. Cation-exchange behavior of the TEMPO-oxidized
cellulose beads was compared with carboxymethylated cellulose beads, showing that the former was characteristic and superior
to the latter in terms of adsorption of metal ions and cationic polymers. Especially, the TEMPO-oxidized cellulose beads had
high adsorption behavior of lead ion and high-molecular-weight cationic polymers. 相似文献
986.
Treatment of a thiolato-bridged Ru(II)Ag(I)Ru(II) trinuclear complex, [Ag{Ru(aet)(bpy)(2)}(2)](3+) (aet = 2-aminoethanthiolate; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), with NaI in aqueous ethanol under an aerobic condition afforded a mononuclear ruthenium(II) complex having an S-bonded sulfinato group, [1](+) ([Ru(aesi-N, S)(bpy)(2)](+) (aesi = 2-aminoethanesulfinate)). Similar treatment of optically active isomers of an analogous Ru(II)Ag(I)Ru(II) trinuclear complex, Δ(D)Δ(D)- and Λ(D)Λ(D)-[Ag{Ru(d-Hpen-O,S)(bpy)(2)}(2)](3+) (d-pen = d-penicillaminate), with NaI also produced mononuclear ruthenium(II) isomers with an S-bonded sulfinato group, Δ(D)- and Λ(D)-[2](+) ([Ru(d-Hpsi-O,S)(bpy)(2)](+) (d-psi = d-penicillaminesulfinate)), respectively, retaining the bidentate-O,S coordination mode of a d-Hpen ligand and the absolute configuration (Δ or Λ) about a Ru(II) center. On refluxing in water, the Δ(D) isomer of [2](+) underwent a linkage isomerization to form Δ(D)-[3] (+) ([Ru(d-Hpsi-N,S)(bpy)(2)](+)), in which a d-Hpsi ligand coordinates to a Ru(II) center in a bidentate-N,S mode. Complexes [1](+), Δ(D)- and Λ(D)-[2](+), and Δ(D)-[3](+) were fully characterized by electronic absorption, CD, NMR, and IR spectroscopies, together with single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The electrochemical properties of these complexes, which are highly dependent on the coordination mode of sulfinate ligands, are also described. 相似文献
987.
Satoru Tamura 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(43):8476-8480
The first total synthesis of peumusolide A (1) has been achieved by combination of regio- and stereo-selective aluminum-mediated hydroiodination to 2-yn-1-ol and enantioselective reduction of 4-en-1-yn-3-one with the chiral oxazaborolidine as the key reactions. This total synthesis has unequivocally established our proposed absolute structure of 1. 相似文献
988.
Daisuke Iida Kenta Tamura Motoaki Iwaya Satoshi Kamiyama Hiroshi Amano Isamu Akasaki 《Journal of Crystal Growth》2010,312(21):3131-3135
The electrical and optical properties of Mg-doped a- and c-plane GaN films grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy were systematically investigated. The photoluminescence spectra of Mg-doped a- and c-plane GaN films exhibit strong emissions related to deep donors when Mg doping concentrations are above 1×1020 cm−3 and 5×1019 cm−3, respectively. The electrical properties also indicate the existence of compensating donors because the hole concentration decreases at such high Mg doping concentrations. In addition, we estimated the ND/NA compensation ratio of a- and c-plane GaN by variable-temperature Hall effect measurement. The obtained results indicate that the compensation effect of the Mg-doped a-plane GaN films is lower than that of the Mg-doped c-plane GaN films. 相似文献
989.
The formation of the 1/1 crystal approximant phase (1/1 phase) to the icosahedral phase (i phase) in In-Pd-RE (RE: rare earth metal) systems has been investigated. A new series of 1/1 phases were found in In53Pd33RE14 (RE; Y, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) alloys. For Y, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho, the 1/1 phases were found in annealed alloys, indicating that they are thermodynamically stable. The atomic structure of the 1/1 phases was directly observed by high-angle annular dark-field imaging performed via scanning transmission electron microscopy, revealing that the 1/1 phases consisted of a periodic arrangement of Tsai-type icosahedral clusters. Further, the atomic size effect on i phase formation, as well as formation conditions previously reported for other Tsai-type i and 1/1 phases were examined. It was found that the ratio of the atomic radius of base metals such as In and Pd affects i phase formation. Moreover, the appropriate range of the radius ratio for i phase formation was narrower than that for 1/1 phase formation. 相似文献
990.
Behavior of dynamical process of complex systems is investigated. Specifically we analyse two types of ideal complex systems. For analysing the ideal complex systems, we define the response functions describing the internal states to an external force. The internal states are obtained as a relaxation process showing a “power law” distribution, such as scale free behaviors observed in actual measurements. By introducing a hybrid system, the logarithmic time, and double logarithmic time, we show how the “slow relaxation” (SR) process and “super slow relaxation” (SSR) process occur. Regarding the irregular variations of the internal states as an activation process, we calculate the response function to the external force. The behaviors are classified into “power”, “exponential”, and “stretched exponential” type. Finally we construct a fractional differential equation (FDE) describing the time evolution of these complex systems. In our theory, the exponent of the FDE or that of the power law distribution is expressed in terms of the parameters characterizing the structure of the system. 相似文献