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排序方式: 共有173条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
Mahara H Suematsu NJ Yamaguchi T Ohgane K Nishiura Y Shimomura M 《The Journal of chemical physics》2004,121(18):8968-8972
Even though the field of nonequilibrium thermodynamics has been popular and its importance has been suggested by Demirel and Sandler [J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 31 (2004)], there are only a few investigations of reaction-diffusion systems from the aspect of thermodynamics. A possible reason is that model equations are complicated and difficult to analyze because the corresponding chemical reactions need to be reversible for thermodynamical calculations. Here, we introduce a simple model for calculation of entropy production rate: a three-variable reversible Gray-Scott model. The rate of entropy production in self-replicating pattern formation is calculated, and the results are compared with those reported based on the Brusselator model in the context of biological cell division. 相似文献
72.
Hiroyuki Kikuchi Yasumasa Tsukitani Kazuo Iguchi Yasuji Yamada 《Tetrahedron letters》1982,23(49):5171-5174
Three new prostanoids, clavulone I(), II() and III(), were isolated from the Japanese Stolonifer Quoy and Gaimard. The structures of these prostanoids were determined on the basis of spectral data and chemical reactions. 相似文献
73.
A derivative of L-vancosamine, a carbohydrate component of the antibiotics vancomycin and sporaviridin, has been prepared from L-lactic acid in a highly stereoselective manner. 相似文献
74.
Noritaka Ohtani Yukihiko Inoue Yasumasa Kaneko Shinsuke Okumura 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1995,33(14):2449-2454
The dilute solution viscosity was investigated for several polystyrene-based cationic io-nomers. It was found that intramolecular aggregation among the ionic groups was strongly dependent on the sizes of quaternary onium groups and counter anions. The extent of the aggregation was controled by the solvent polarity and the solvation to the ionic groups. When there was a strong selective soivation to small counter ions, the structure of onium groups shows a minor effect on the viscosity behavior, indicating little aggregation among the ionic groups. A strong solvation to small quaternary cations also eliminates the intra-molecular aggregation and the influence of counter ions was barely observable. When the selective solvation to counter ions was disabled by the enlarged size of the counter ions, however, the viscosity depended on onium group structure or spacer chain length. If the solvent solvates neither counter ions nor quaternary groups, the smaller the sizes of onium cation and counter anion, the lower the reduced viscosity due to an enhancement of the ionic aggregate formation. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
75.
Kazuishi MakinoOsamu Hara Yuko TakiguchiTakayuki Katano Yumiko AsakawaKeiichiro Hatano Yasumasa Hamada 《Tetrahedron letters》2003,44(50):8925-8929
1,2-Dihydroquinolines and a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline were efficiently constructed using tandem Michael-aldol reaction starting from N-protected o-aminobenzaldehydes and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds in good yield. 相似文献
76.
[reaction: see text] A Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allylic amination using aspartic acid derived P-chirogenic diaminophosphine oxides (DIAPHOXs) is described. Asymmetric allylic amination of both linear and cyclic substrates proceeded at room temperature to give the chiral allylic amines in 72-99% ee. 相似文献
77.
Traces of uranium and thorium in barium(II), strontium(II) titanate ((Ba, Sr)TiO3) ferroelectric materials were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples were completely
dissolved by a mixture of 1.4% H2O2 and 1.0 mol⋅l-1 HNO3. For a complete separation of the analytes from the matrix elements, a two step separation technique involving leaching and
anion-exchange was applied. By the leaching step with HNO3 more than 90% of the matrix can be removed whereas the analytes completely remained in the solution. The anion-exchange step
was carried out on a BIO⋅RAD AG1-X8 column with a mixture of 1.0 mol⋅l-1 HF and 0.5 mol⋅l-1 HNO3 as eluent. The content of uranium and thorium was subsequently measured by ICP-MS. The detection limits (D.L.) obtained were
0.043 ng g-1 and 0.035 ng g-1 for U and Th, respectively. The reproducibility was satisfactory with a relative standard deviation of less than 3% (at the
1 ng g-1 level, n=5). The matrix concentrations in the final solution were reduced to the sub-μg ml-1 level which is in the range of the detection limits of USN-ICP-AES (ultrasonic nebulization-ICP-atomic emission spectroscopy).
The method was successfully applied to the determination of uranium and thorium in three synthetic (Ba, Sr)TiO3 samples spiked with the analytes at levels of 1, 5 and 10 ng g-1 and three (Ba, Sr)TiO3 ferroelectric samples containing sub-ng g-1 levels of the analytes.
Received: 26 February 1996/Revised: 28 May 1996/Accepted: 5 June 1996 相似文献
78.
Ohta K Kusumoto K Takao Y Towata A Kawakami S Murase Y Ohashi M 《Journal of chromatography. A》2002,956(1-2):147-158
The application of unmodified silica gel (Super Micro Bead Silica Gel B-5, SMBSG B-5) as a cation-exchange stationary phase in ion chromatography with indirect photometric detection (IC-IPD) for the separation of common mono- and divalent cations (Li+, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) was carried out using various aromatic monoamines [tyramine [4-(2-aminoethyl)phenol], benzylamine, phenylethylamine, 2-methylpyridine and 2,6-dimethylpyridine] as eluents. When using these amines as eluents, the peak resolution between these mono- and divalent cations was not quite satisfactory and the peak shapes of NH4+ and K+ were largely destroyed on the SMBSG B-5 silica gel column. Hence, the application of SMBSG B-5 silica gel calcinated at 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 degrees C for 5 h in the IC-IPD was carried out. The peak shapes of the monovalent cations were greatly improved with increasing calcination temperature and, as a result, symmetrical peaks of these mono- and divalent cations were obtained on the SMBSG B-5 silica gel calcinated at 1000 degrees C as the stationary phase. In contrast, the peak resolution between these mono- and divalent cations was not improved. Therefore, crown ethers [18-crown-6 (1,4,7,10,13,15-hexaoxacyclooctadecane), 15-crown-5 (1,4,7,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane)] were added to the eluent for the complete separation of these mono- and divalent cations. Excellent simultaneous separation and highly sensitive detection at 275 nm were achieved in 25 min on a column (150x4.6 mm I.D.) packed with SMBSG B-5 silica gel calcinated at 1000 degrees C by elution with 0.75 mM tyramine-0.25 mM oxalic acid at pH 5.0 containing either 1.0 mM 18-crown-6 or 10 mM 15-crown-5. 相似文献
79.
A computer-controlled flow injection system was developed for the determination of cadmium in a hydrometallurgical zinc refining process stream. An anion-exchange method in acidic potassium iodide medium was used for the on-line separation of cadmium from the matrix zinc. 1-(4-Nitrophenyl)-3-(4-phenylazophenyl)triazene (Cadion) was used as the chromogenic reagent for the spectrophotometric detection of cadmium. In order to expand the dynamic range of the flow injection - spectrophotometry, a computer-aided time-based variable-volume injection method has been employed for the introduction of the sample into the flow injection system. Samples ranging from 0.56 to 350 microl can be delivered by controlling the time period of the sample introduction valve and the flow rate of the carrier solution. The system permits a throughput of 5 samples per hour. The reproducibility has been proven to be satisfactory with a relative standard deviation of less than 6.2% (sample injected: 0.56 microl of 850 microg Cd/ml; n=100) and 5.0% (350 microl of 0.14 microg Cd/ml; n=5). The determination limit was 20 microg Cd/ml with 0.56 microl sample injection and 0.05 microg Cd/ml with 350 microl sample injection (the absolute amount of cadmium injected into the system was 11 ng and 17.5 ng, respectively). 相似文献
80.
Miwatashi S Arikawa Y Naruo K Igaki K Watanabe Y Kimura H Kawamoto T Ohkawa S 《Chemical & pharmaceutical bulletin》2005,53(4):410-418
A novel series of 4-phenyl-5-pyridyl-1,3-thiazole analogues possessing potent in vitro inhibitory activity against p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from human monocytic THP-1 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide has been identified. Subsequent structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and optimization for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) profiles led to the identification of compounds 7 g and 10b as orally active lead candidates that block the in vivo production of proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-alpha). In pharmacokinetic studies, compound 10b showed good oral administration in mice and demonstrated significant in vivo anti-inflammatory activity in an anti-collagen monoclonal antibody-induced arthritis mouse model (minimum effective dose (MED)=30 mg/kg). Further elucidation of this class of compounds may provide novel anti-inflammatory agents, such as anti-rheumatoid arthritis drugs. 相似文献