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151.
152.
D. P. Cole E. M. Habtour T. Sano S. J. Fudger S. M. Grendahl A. Dasgupta 《Experimental Mechanics》2017,57(7):1027-1035
The local mechanical behavior of fatigued steel specimens was probed using nanoindentation. High-carbon steel cantilevers were exposed to nonlinear harmonic oscillation. The indentation modulus on the beam surface and plastic work during indentation decreased as a function of cycles, which was attributed to grain fragmentation and reorientation as well as the continuous reduction in inherent energy dissipation capacity of the material. X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and atomic force microscopy were used to characterize this microstructural evolution during early stages of the beam fatigue life, which altered 1) the local mechanical properties and 2) the global structural dynamic response. The results provide insight into fatigue damage precursors and provides a framework for connecting materials evolution with nonlinear structural dynamics. 相似文献
153.
Munetaka Takeuchi Yasuo Kameda Yasuhiro Umebayashi Sari Ogawa Takaaki Sonoda Shin-ichi Ishiguro Miho Fujita Mitsuru Sano 《Journal of Molecular Liquids》2009,148(2-3):99-108
Self-diffusion coefficients of Li+ DLi+, PF6− DPF6− and solvent propylene carbonate (PC) DPC in LiPF6−PC solutions were determined at 298 K by the pulse gradient spin echo (PGSE) NMR technique over the salt concentration range of 0.1–3.0 M (M = mol dm– 3). The order of the diffusion coefficients was found to be DLi+ < DPF6− < DPC over the concentration range examined, and they were monotonically decreased with increasing the salt concentration. Haven ratio Λ/ΛNMR, where Λ and ΛNMR represent the ionic conductivity measured electrochemically and that estimated via the Nernst-Einstein equation using the diffusion coefficient, respectively, was evaluated as the measure of the ion–ion interaction in the LiPF6–PC solutions. Though Λ/ΛNMR values for LiPF6-solutions decrease with increasing the salt concentration, they were greater than those for LiBF4–PC solutions over the whole concentration range examined, which indicates that the ion pair formation ability of PF6– ion is weaker than that of the BF4– ion. The smaller value of the ionic conductivity for the highly concentrated LiPF6–PC solution (above 2.0 M) than that of the LiBF4-solutions can be attributed to the more rapidly increased viscosity relative to the LiBF4-solution. Classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for the respective LiPF6 and LiBF4-solution of 0.5 and 1.0 M were also carried out based on the effective pair potentials. Diffusion coefficients, ionic conductivity and Haven ratio for these solutions were calculated from MD trajectories, and they qualitatively agree with those evaluated by experiments. Pair correlation functions gLiO(r) (for Li+–O (PC) pair) and gLiPF6(r) (for Li+–PF6– pair) or gLiBF4(r) (for Li+–BF4– pair) revealed that the lithium ion weakly forms the contact ion pairs with PF6–, whilst strongly with BF4–, which supports the present experimental results. Moreover, the simulation results show that both anions in the contact ion pairs predominantly take the monodentate form, which is in contrast to the multidentate coordination predicted by ab initio calculation in gas phase. 相似文献
154.
In this study, we developed a microscope for the simultaneous acquisition of optical sum frequency (SF) and second harmonic (SH) intensity images in UHV conditions, and observed resonant electronic and vibrational images of the H-Si(1 1 1) surface after IR light irradiation of pulse width ∼6 μs. The SH intensity images showed a spatial distribution of resonant electronic states, associated with the dangling bonds formed after hydrogen desorption induced by the IR light pulses. This result indicates that the hydrogen coverage decreased to less than ∼0.6 ML in the irradiated area. The SF intensity images before the IR light pulse irradiation showed signals attributed to Si-H stretching vibration on the H-Si(1 1 1) surface. After the IR light pulse irradiation, non-resonant SF signals appeared in the irradiated area. The non-resonant SF signals may originate from a nonlinear optical transition involving the surface electronic levels in the dangling bonds. We also found an unidentified bonding state on the edges of the irradiated area in some light conditions. Both the resonant and non-resonant signals were very weak in this area. 相似文献
155.
S. Matsuyama M. Shimura H. Mimura M. Fujii H. Yumoto Y. Sano M. Yabashi Y. Nishino K. Tamasaku T. Ishikawa K. Yamauchi 《X射线光谱测定》2009,38(2):89-94
To visualize the distributions of trace elements in biological samples such as tissues and cells at high spatial resolution, we developed a scanning x‐ray fluorescence microscope (SXFM) at SPring‐8, using a Kirkpatrick‐Baez mirror optics that enables achromatic and highly efficient focusing. To evaluate performance regarding its application to biological samples, the SXFM was used at x‐ray energy of 15 keV to observe NIH/3T3 cells in which adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase β (specifically localized at the mitochondria) were labeled with gold colloidal particles. Various elemental distributions were visualized at the single‐cell level, including those for P, S, Cl, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn and Au, and we obtained high‐resolution elemental distribution maps by magnifying the labeled single mitochondrion. Maximum spatial resolution achieved in the experiments was sub‐100 nm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
156.
Tsutomu Asano Shota Sano Toshihiko Okabe Takumi Sano Chie Sawatari 《Journal of Macromolecular Science: Physics》2018,57(5):317-332
Using a modified method developed from Vonk's method, detailed values of crystallinity and crystal disorder were obtained by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). In Vonk's method, the crystallinity (w) is determined by extrapolation of the WAXD experimental curve back to zero scattering angle, while the distortion factor (k) is determined by the inclination of the experimental curve at zero scattering angle. In our new method, both w and k are determined at the same time by using the least squares method. In order to show the efficiency of our method, the new fitting procedure was applied to the experimental values of polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate as measured by Vonk, and the values of w and k determined by our new method were compared with those found by Vonk's method. The new fitting method has the advantage that it uses the whole experimental curve. Moreover, our modified Vonk's method enables us to discuss crystal distortions as arising from first-kind (thermal) disorder and second-kind (paracrystalline) disorder. 相似文献
157.
Junichiro Sakamoto Akiko Imaizumi Yoshinori Sasaki Takashi Kamio Mamoru Wakoh Mika Otonari-Yamamoto Tsukasa Sano 《Magnetic resonance imaging》2014
Purpose
To evaluate the use of the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) technique in half-Fourier single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and to compare its accuracy to that of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to predict malignancy in head and neck tumors.Patients and methods
HASTE DW images of 33 patients with head and neck tumors (10 benign and 23 malignant) were evaluated. Using the IVIM technique, parameters (D, true diffusion coefficient; f, perfusion fraction; D*, pseudodiffusion coefficient) were calculated for each tumor. ADC values were measured over a range of b values from 0 to 1000 s/mm2. IVIM parameters and ADC values in benign and malignant tumors were compared using Student's t test, receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, and multivariate logistic regression modeling.Results
Mean ADC and D values of malignant tumors were significantly lower than those of benign tumors (P < 0.05). Mean D* values of malignant tumors were significantly higher than those of benign tumors (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean f values between malignant and benign tumors (P > 0.05). The technique of combining D and D* was the best for predicting malignancy; accuracy for this model was higher than that for ADC.Conclusions
The IVIM technique may be applied in HASTE DWI as a diagnostic tool to predict malignancy in head and neck masses. The use of D and D* in combination increases the diagnostic accuracy in comparison with ADC. 相似文献158.
159.
Rhodium(III) has been successfully extracted from an aqueous nitric acid solution using a hydrophobic ammonium based ionic liquid and CMPO or TODGA as extractant. This result has significant potential for the recovery of rhodium from spent nuclear fuel and thereby increasing the worldwide supply of this rare metal. 相似文献
160.
Ogo S Miyamoto M Ide Y Sano T Sadakane M 《Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)》2012,41(33):9901-9907
A new pathway for the preparation of mono-ruthenium (Ru)(iii)-substituted Keggin-type heteropolytungstates with an aqua ligand, [PW(11)O(39)Ru(iii)(H(2)O)](4-) (1a), [SiW(11)O(39)Ru(iii)(H(2)O)](5-) (1b) and [GeW(11)O(39)Ru(iii)(H(2)O)](5-) (1c), using [Ru(ii)(benzene)Cl(2)](2) as a Ru source was described. Compounds 1a-1c were prepared by reacting [XW(11)O(39)](n-) (X = P, Si and Ge) with [Ru(ii)(benzene)Cl(2)](2) under hydrothermal condition and were isolated as caesium salts. Ru(benzene)-supported heteropolytungstates, [PW(11)O(39){Ru(ii)(benzene)(H(2)O)}](5-) (2a), [SiW(11)O(39){Ru(ii)(benzene)(H(2)O)}](6-) (2b) and [GeW(11)O(39){Ru(ii)(benzene)(H(2)O)}](6-) (2c), were first produced in the reaction media, and then transformed to 1a, 1b and 1c, respectively, under hydrothermal conditions. Calcination of Ru(benzene)-supported heteropolytungstates, 2a, 2b and 2c, in the solid state produced mixtures of 1a, 1b and 1c with CO (carbon monoxide)-coordinated complexes, [PW(11)O(39)Ru(ii)(CO)](5-) (4a), [SiW(11)O(39)Ru(ii)(CO)](6-) (4b) and [GeW(11)O(39)Ru(ii)(CO)](6-) (4c), respectively. From comparison of their catalytic activities in water oxidation reaction, it was indicated that ruthenium should be incorporated in the heteropolytungstate in order to promote catalytic activity. 相似文献