Scattering of a plane wave from a periodic random surface: a probabilistic approach

This paper deals with a probabilistic formulation of the wave scattering from a periodic random surface. When a plane wave is incident on a random surface described by a periodic stationary stochastic process, it is shown by a group-theoretic consideration that the scattered wave may have a stochastic Floquet form, i.e. a product of a periodic stationary random function and an exponential phase factor. Such a periodic stationary random function is then written by a harmonic series representation similar to a Fourier series, where Fourier coefficients are mutually correlated stationary processes instead of constants. The mutually correlated stationary processes are represented by Wiener - Hermite functional series with unknown coefficient functions called Wiener kernels. In case of a slightly rough surface and TE wave incidence, low-order Wiener kernels are determined from the boundary condition. Several statistical properties of the scattering are calculated and illustrated in figures.     

Distribution and anharmonic thermal vibration of cations in α-AgI

The cation distribution in the superionic conductor α-AgI has been re-examined using neutron as well as X-ray diffraction data. A least squares analysis shows that the experimental data are very well explained by a structure model in which two silver ions are distributed over 12(d) sites of the space group Im3m with large asymmetric anharmonic thermal vibrations.     

On the rearrangement in carbonyl oxide intermediates

Sensitized photooxidation of alkylphenyldiazomethanes under oxygen afforded, in addition to alkyl phenyl ketones, alkyl benzoates, which are probably formed by a rearrangement via dioxirane diradical.     

Observation of shocked and unshocked BaZnGeO4 by means of electron microscopy

Electron microscopic observations were performed on shocked and unshocked BaZnGeO₄ (BZG). Particular attention was given to the superlattice relation. A specimen shocked to the pressure range of 19–27 GPa, showed a small distortion from the original hexagonal lattice, to an orthorhombic symmetry. Along with this distortion, weak superlattice reflections along the $\text{c1}$ direction in the unshocked BZG were found to disappear completely, while the repetition mode of superlattice reflections along the $\text{b1}$ direction ([110]1 direction in the hexagonal structure) as found to change from three to six, and then to four, with increasing shock pressure. A single crystal—single crystal transition, on a submicrometer scale, was shown to occur due to a small displacement of atoms during shock process.     

Application of a novel large-volume injection method using a stomach-shaped inlet liner in capillary gas chromatographic trace analysis of dioxins in human milk and plasma.

A newly developed large-volume injection (LVI) technique that employs a unique stomach-shaped inlet liner (SSIL) inside of a programmable temperature vaporizer was used for the determination of trace amounts of dioxins in human milk and plasma. The initial temperature and the initial dwelling time of the inlet and the kind of solvent used were found to be critical in determining the analytical sensitivity of dioxins due to the loss of these relatively volatile compounds during solvent vaporization. Human milk and plasma were purified and fractionated by pre-packed multi-layered silica-gel chromatography and activated carbon silica-gel column chromatography. A 20-microL aliquot of the fraction collected from the chromatography with toluene was directly applied to the LVI system in high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Excellent correlation (r > 0.97) between the values obtained by the LVI method using the SSIL device and those by the conventional regular-volume splitless injection method was obtained for PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in human milk and plasma samples.     

Two-generator Discrete Subgroups of Isom(H2) Containing Orientation-reversing Elements

Let f and g be elements of the isometry group Isom(H²) of the hyperbolic plane H², and assume that one of them is orientation-reversing. We determine when the group (f,g) they generate is discrete; in particular, we obtain the classification of such groups. As an application to knot theory, we completely determine the tunnel number one Montesinos knots.     

18O-tracer study on the rearrangement of carbonyl oxide intermediates to esters

A tracer study for the rearrangement of carbonyl oxides to esters using doubly-labeled oxygen lead to a conclusion that carbonyl oxides do not isomerize directly to dioxyranes and the rearrangement to esters proceeds via a cyclic tetroxide.     

Vaporization of a liquid injected into an immiscible liquid through a single nozzle

The basic characteristics of vaporization and flowing behavior of n-pentane injected through a single nozzle into a column of hot water have been studied photographically. Subcools at the nozzle-outlet have a strong influence on the critical temperature driving forces at over which vaporization can be maintained. The length of a Rayleigh jet is remarkably shortened when vaporization occurs, whereas mean diameters of drops are little affected whether vaporization occurs or not. A specific condition that a bubble appears in each drop is satisfied not on a specific line but over a wide region on the ΔT_∞ - U_N plane.