Double‐Armed Benzo‐15‐crown‐5 Ligands and Complexes and Single Crystal Structure Determination

This work describes the syntheses and characterizations of double‐armed benzo‐15‐crown‐5 containing nitro ( 1 ), amine ( 2 ), and imine ( 3–5 ) groups, and their sodium complexes ( 1a–5a ). Structures of the ligands ( 1–5 ) and sodium complexes ( 1a–5a ) were identified via elemental analyses, and infrared, ¹H‐ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C‐NMR, and mass spectrometry. The metal extractions were examined by using ultravoilet–visible spectrophotometry. Single crystal for 2 was successfully obtained, and its X‐ray crystal structure was resolved. The compound 2 crystallizes in triclinic, space group p‐1 with a = 9.1420(3), b = 14.9580(4), c = 20.4110(5), and Z = 4.     

A spectroelectrochemical study on single-oscillator model and optical constants of sulfonated polyaniline film

The optical properties of sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) thin film prepared by electrochemical method have been investigated. Polychromic behavior of SPAN thin film (transparent yellow-green-dark blue) was observed when the cyclic voltammograms were taken between -0.25 V and +1.90 V (vs. Ag/AgCl, sat.) during the growth of polyaniline film. In situ UV-vis spectra of the polymers-indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode were taken during the oxidation of the polymers at different applied potentials. The direct band gap values of SPAN thin film changed from 3.771 eV to 3.874 eV with the applied potentials. From in situ UV-vis spectra, the optical constants such as refractive index and dielectric constant of the SPAN thin film were determined. The important changes in absorption edge, refractive index and the dielectric constant were observed due to the applied potentials. The refractive index dispersion curves of the film obey the single-oscillator model and oscillator parameters changed with the applied potentials. The most significant result of the present work is in situ spectroelectrochemical method, which can be used to modify the optical band gaps and constants.     

Investigation of the influence of pressure on the combustion of Alpagut lignite

This research presents the combustion behavior of lignite under different reaction pressures. Lignite from Alpagut, Çorum of Turkey was combusted in its run off mine (ROM) condition under three different pressure levels of 172, 345, 517 kPa (25, 50, 75 psi). Experiments were done in a fully controlled temperature regime in an isolated combustion tube that operated in coordination with a continuous gas analyzer. Combustion behavior of lignite under different pressures was characterized by effluent gas analysis method. The changes in the amounts of consumed oxygen, evolved carbon oxides as well as variations in the temperature were assessed. The combustion efficiency and effectiveness of lignite was evaluated in terms of thermal features, from the viewpoint of reaction kinetics and by the computation of instantaneous fuel consumption at critical points. It was seen that combustion of lignite tended to turn from a steady profile to a considerably rapid one with increase in pressure, proving to be highly sensitive to the applied pressure level. Also, different levels of pressure resulted in distinctive combustion behavior not only from the view of thermal characteristics, but also in terms of reaction kinetics.     

Synthesis and genotoxicity of Schiff base transition metal complexes

A new ONNO‐type azomethine ligand, 2,2′‐(ethane‐1,2‐diylidenedinitrilo)dibenzoic acid, (YLH₂) ( 1 ) has been prepared by the condensation of 2‐aminobenzoic acid and glyoxal. The coordination compounds [Ni(YL)] ( 2 ), [Co(YL)] ( 3 ), [Cu(YL)(H₂O)] ( 4 ), [Zn(YL)] ( 5 ), and [Cd(YL)] ( 6 ) of the YLH₂ ligand with five transition metal ions, Ni(II) Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) have been prepared. The structures of these new azomethine compounds are proposed on the basis of the elemental analyses, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, and X‐ray powder diffraction patterns. Elemental analyses indicate a ligand metal ratio of 1:1 in the coordination compounds. X‐ray powder diffraction parameters for [Cu(YL)(H₂O)] and [Cd(YL)] compounds correspond to orthorhombic and monoclinic structures, respectively. The ligand acts as a tetradentate ligand bending through oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl groups of benzoic acid and nitrogen atoms of the azomethine groups. In addition, the ligand and its metal complexes have been studied for their possible genotoxic potential. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 22:119–130, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com . DOI 10.1002/hc.20665     

Synthesis, radiolabeling and in vivo biodistribution of diethylstilbestrol phosphate derivative (DES-P)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a well known, nonsteroidal estrogen with high affinity for the estrogen receptor (ER). Today DES is used to treat breast and prostate cancers. A phosphate derivative of DES [Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES-P)] which is specific to tumor cells consisting alkaline phosphatase enzyme was synthesized and labeled with ^99mTc using tin chloride as reducing agent. In vivo biological activity of ^99mTc labeled diethylstilbestrol phosphate compound (^99mTc-DES-P) was examined by biodistribution studies on Wistar Albino rats. Statistical evaluation was performed using SPSS 13 program. The percentage (%) radiolabeling yield of ^99mTc-DES-P and quality control studies were done by Thin Layer Radio Chromatography (TLRC). Results showed that, ^99mTc-DES-P may be proposed as an imaging agent for ER enriched tumors such as uterus and prostate and their metastases in bones.     

Capacitated procurement planning with price-sensitive demand and general concave-revenue functions

This paper develops effective solution methods for discrete-time, finite-horizon procurement planning problems with economies of scale in procurement, price-sensitive demand, and time-invariant procurement capacities. Our models consider general concave-revenue functions in each time period, and seek to maximize total revenue less procurement and inventory holding costs. We consider the case in which prices may vary dynamically, as well the important practical case in which a constant price is required during the planning horizon. Under mild conditions on the revenue function properties, we provide polynomial-time solution methods for this problem class. The structural properties of optimal solutions that lead to efficient solution methods also serve to sharpen intuition regarding optimal demand management strategies in complex planning situations.     

Microstructural, optical and electrical studies on sol gel derived ZnO and ZnO:Al films

ZnO and ZnO:Al films were deposited onto glass substrates by the sol gel method using spin coating technique. The effects of aluminum dopant on the crystalline structure and orientation of the ZnO films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Surface morphology of the films has also been analyzed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The average optical transmittance values of all the films is over >83% in the visible region. The optical band gap and Urbach energy values of these films were determined. The absorption edge shifted to the lower energy depending on the Al doping level. The shift of absorption edge is associated with shrinkage effect. The electrical conductivity of the ZnO film enhanced with the Al dopant. From the temperature dependence of conductivity measurements, the activation energy of the films was also calculated.     

An efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of novel quinolone–triazole and conazole–triazole hybrid derivatives as antimicrobial and anticancer agents

1,2,4-Triazole-fluoroquinolone and 1,2,4-triazole–conazole hybrids are designed, synthesized, and investigated in vitro against a variety of common diseases. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds are characterized from spectral data (IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and LC–MS). The antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria is shown to be enhanced by many of the produced compounds. Also, some of the products are found to have strong antiproliferative effects aganist HeLa cervical cancer cells, whilst demonstrating cytotoxic effects toward normal cells.