Fabrication and performance test of solid oxide fuel cells with screen-printed yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte membranes

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) membranes were deposited onto porous NiO–YSZ anode supports by screen printing. Combined with La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃–YSZ composite cathode, the prepared anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) were electrochemically tested. A typical SOFC with a 30-μm-thick YSZ electrolyte membrane gave the maximum power densities (MPDs) of 0.26, 0.53, 0.78, and 1.03 W/cm² at 650, 700, 800, and 850 °C, respectively, using hydrogen as fuel and stationary air as oxidant. Replacement of stationary air with pure oxygen flow exerted a significant positive effect on the MPDs of the cell. Using 100- and 200-ml/min oxygen as oxidants, the MPDs of the cell were enhanced 35.3% and 68.6%, respectively. Polarization analysis indicated that, at the MPD points, the electrode polarization resistances accounted for 80% of the cell total resistances.

     

无绝缘高温超导双饼线圈的瞬态电热特性分析

无绝缘高温超导线圈具有良好的电热稳定性和机械紧凑性,但其充电过程中却有明显的磁场延迟现象。为详细了解无绝缘高温超导线圈励磁过程的瞬态特性,建立了无绝缘高温超导线圈的同轴圆环等效电路模型。通过绕制一个670匝的无绝缘高温超导双饼线圈,在液氮温度下进行不同充电速率的励磁实验,初步验证了等效电路模型的正确性。基于该模型,针对线圈励磁过程的充电和恒流阶段,仿真得到了线圈各匝的径向电流分布规律和电热损耗特性。     

A Kriging-based constrained global optimization algorithm for expensive black-box functions with infeasible initial points

In many engineering optimization problems, the objective and the constraints which come from complex analytical models are often black-box functions with extensive computational effort. In this case, it is necessary for optimization process to use sampling data to fit surrogate models so as to reduce the number of objective and constraint evaluations as soon as possible. In addition, it is sometimes difficult for the constrained optimization problems based on surrogate models to find a feasible point, which is the premise of further searching for a global optimal feasible solution. For this purpose, a new Kriging-based Constrained Global Optimization (KCGO) algorithm is proposed. Unlike previous Kriging-based methods, this algorithm can dispose black-box constrained optimization problem even if all initial sampling points are infeasible. There are two pivotal phases in KCGO algorithm. The main task of the first phase is to find a feasible point when there is no feasible data in the initial sample. And the aim of the second phase is to obtain a better feasible point under the circumstances of fewer expensive function evaluations. Several numerical problems and three design problems are tested to illustrate the feasibility, stability and effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Influences of Lorentz force on the hydrofoil lift

In this paper, Lorentz forces are proved to be able to suppress separation in flows over hydrofoils. Furthermore, a differential equation of pressure distributions on the hydrofoil surface is derived, from which it is found that BVF （boundary vortex flux） σ is a suitable criterion for describing the lift coefficient variations during the electromagnetic control process. According to our numerical results, the periodic variations of lift for a hydrofoil at an attack angle of 17 ° are analyzed and its inherent mechanism is discussed in detail with the concept of BVE On the other hand, the effects of Lorentz force on the hydrofoil＇s lift are investigated both experimentally and numerically for different magnitudes and locations.     

GMPLS: IP-Centric Control Protocols for Optical Networks(Tutorial)

Recent advances in optical networking technologies, particularly DWDM and MEMS, promise the transmission and switching of huge bandwidth capacity. The carriers have convinced of that their revenue must be earned from efficient bandwidth management instead of unsophisticated increase in capacity. The distributed control plane can offer more flexibility, reliability and scalability, whose functions include addressing, resource and topology discovery, route computation, provisioning and restoration. Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS), an IP-centric control plane, inherit the best features of IP and ATM technologies in terms of QoS and traffic engineering. Besides,GMPLS introduces enhancements to the existing IP routing and signaling protocols by supporting not only packet switching networks (IP) and frame/cell switching networks (ATM), but also networks that perform switching in time (e.g. SDH/SONET, PDH, G.709), wavelength (lambdas), and space (fiber) domain.     

LiBe+分子基态及其低电子激发态

采用Davidson校正的多参考组态相互作用方法(MRCI+Q)和多参考平均二次耦合团簇方法(MRAQCC)结合基组ROOS-ANO-TZP得到了LiBe+分子基态(x1∑+)以及六个低电子激发态(a3Σ+,b3∏,A1∑+,B1∏,c3∑+,C1∑+)的势能曲线(PECs).计算结果表明:X1∑+,a3∑+,b3∏和...     

Rectification of excitation with bathochromic shift induced by intense absorption of organic ligands during emission measurement of Eu(III) complex

Bathochromic shift in excitation spectrum was observed during emission measurement of Eu(DBM)(3)Phen containing dilute solution in methyl methacrylate (MMA). Detailed analysis shows that the reason of bathochromic shift is not the formation of molecule aggregation. It is caused by the intense absorption of ligands in the complex. Based on this model, a new method has been established to rectify excitation spectra before emission measurement of systems with different concentration. There exists a critical value of the absorption strength, which is 0.87 from calculation. Higher absorption than this value will cause the bathochromic shift of excitation peak. The wavelength whose absorbance is 0.87 will be the position of the strongest excitation peak. With 200 ppm and 500 ppm Eu(DBM)(3)Phen as the standard sample, relations between relative concentration and wavelength of excitation peak in Eu(DBM)(3)Phen system were deduced and plotted. Theoretical curves are in good agreement with experiment data except extra-dilute concentration, for partial decomplexation of the beta-diketonate and phenanthroline ligands.     

Superhard nanocomposite nc-TiC/a-C:H film fabricated by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique

Superhard nanocomposite nc-TiC/a-C:H films, with an excellent combination of high elastic recovery, low friction coefficient and good H/E ratio, were prepared by filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique using the C₂H₂ gas as the precursor. The effect of C₂H₂ flow rate on the microstructure, phase composition, mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposite nc-TiC/a-C:H films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), microindentation and tribotester measurements. It was observed that the C₂H₂ flow rate significantly affected the Ti content and hardness of films. Furthermore, by selecting the proper value for C₂H₂ flow rate, 20 sccm, one can deposit the nanocomposite film nc-TiC/a-C:H with excellent properties such as superhardness (66.4 GPa), high elastic recovery (83.3%) and high H/E ratio (0.13).     

热挤压AM50GdX镁合金的腐蚀力学性能研究

通过SEM、光学显微镜、失重测量、拉伸测试等方法研究了热挤压加工对不同Gd含量的AM50GdX镁合金的显微组织及腐蚀力学性能的影响。结果表明:热挤压后,合金内部出现了具有方向性的平行纤维变形组织;随着Gd含量的增加,AM50GdX镁合金组织中β-Mg_(17)A_l(12)相数量减少而Al_2Gd_3相数量和体积增加;1%Gd元素对合金耐蚀性提升作用最大;热挤压处理使合金的晶粒细化,从而使拉伸强度提升了接近50%;由于热挤压处理和1%Gd元素的存在大大改善了AM50镁合金的腐蚀剩余强度性能。     

DESIGN OF POLYMER-SUPPORTED CHIRAL CATALYSTS

1INTRODUCTIONThesynthesisofopticallypurechiralcompoundshasgainedgreatimportance,particularlyintheareasofphannaceuticals,agrochemical,flavorsandfragrances[l].SeveraldifferentstrategiesareappliedtomanufactUreopticallypurechiralsubstrates.Amongthem,asymmetriccatalysisprovidespowerfulanduniqueadvantages,perhapstheforemostisthe"multiplicationofchirality",alargequantityofchiralproductcanbeproducedusingacatalyticamountofachiralsourceIZI.However,uptonowonlyafewprocesseshavemadethestepfromanacade…