Electronic interaction between the nitrogen,oxygen, and silicon atoms in the molecules of α-aziridin-1-ylalkoxy(triethyl)silanes

By the PMR method we have established the existence of a high frequency of the inversion of the nitrogen atom in the molecules of -aziridin-1-ylalkoxysilanes. This is due to the fact that the high (because of p-d bonding with the silicon atom) electronegativity of the oxygen atom in the Si-O-C-N system makes possible an interaction between the unshared electron pair of the nitrogen atom and the antibonding orbital of the C-O bond. The latter, in its turn, increases the degree of p-d bonding between the oxygen and silicon atoms (in these compounds the order of the Si-O bond is greater than in the alkoxysilanes).     

Theoretical Study of Weakly Bound Dimers between Hydrogen Fluoride and Some Polar Molecules

Weakly bound linear and bent dimers, FH—X (where X = CO, OC, CNH, NCH, N₂O and ON₂), are investigated using the DFT B3LYP and ab initio MP2 methods with the same basis sets (6–311++G(3df,2pd)). The strengths of the H—C or H—N H‐bonds in dimers FH—CO, FH—CNH, and FH—N₂O are compared with those of the H—O or H—N H‐bonds in dimers FH—OC, FH—NCH, and FH—ON₂. The results obtained for the H‐bond distances, the elongation effect of the HF bond, the red shift of the HF stretching frequency, and the energy difference between the dimer and the charge transfer reveal that the H‐bonds of the first group of dimers are stronger than those of the second. The Gibbs energies calculated for the six dimer formations indicate that the weakly bound dimers are unstable at room temperature (T = 298 K) (FH—X's → FH + X's, ΔG < 0).     

Nanocomposites Produced by Direct Intercalation of Secondary Doped Polyaniline in V2O5

The possibility of the production of nanocomposites based on V₂O₅ and conducting polymers by direct intercalation of macromolecules of secondary doped polyaniline into the interlayer galleries of nanoparticles of aqueous V₂O₅ sol was demonstrated for the first time. The driving force of the intercalation process is substitution of the protons present in the galleries of the V₂O₅ by a polyaniline chain carrying a positive charge.     

Stereospecificity of quenching of excited aromatic molecules by electron acceptors

On the example of fluorescence quenching of perylene by organic electron acceptors we have shown that the radius of the quenching sphere depends on the electron affinity of the oxidizing agent. The deactivation of excited molecules of m-dinitrobenzene was achieved by tunnel electron transfer at a distance, which was significantly greater than the sum of the radii of the reagent molecules. The fluorescence quenching with phthalic anhydride, a weaker electron acceptor, occurs on contact between molecules. The kinetics of this process are described by the Smoluchowski theory of diffusion-controlled reactions. The rate of fluorescence quenching with carbon tetrachloride and nitromethane in polar solvents also increases with the increase of the coefficients of mutual diffusion, but the formal reaction radii of these processes are smaller than the sum of the radii of the interacting particles, which is due to the stereospecifity of the reaction. It was shown that the degree of stereospecificity increases with the decrease of the reaction radius.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 585–590, September–October, 1986.     

Stoichiometric polyelectrolyte complexes as comb copolymers

The collapse behavior of a single comblike copolymer chain has been studied by Monte Carlo simulations. It has been supposed that the solvent is good for the side chains but the solvent quality for the backbone chain changes. It has been shown that depending on the structural parameters of the comb copolymer (the lengths of the backbone and side chains, grafting density of the side chains) various thermodynamically stable morphologies of the collapsed backbone chain can be realized. In addition to ordinary spherical globule we have observed elongated structures as well as necklace-like conformations. The proposed model can be used to describe conformational behavior of stoichiometric complexes between block copolymers with a polyelectrolyte short block and oppositely charged linear homopolymers.     

Isomerization kinetics of carbon clusters 2. Transformation of tricyclic structures to fullerenes

A quantitative model of isomerization of carbon clusters is proposed, and possible ways of transformation of tricyclic structures to fullerenes are considered in order to account for the spontaneous transformation of the polycyclic clusters arising during the condensation of the carbon vapor. The isomerization process is calculated thermodynamically using the modified classical interatomic potential, the relative effeciencies of different mechanisms of the fullerene formation are estimated, and the main regularities of this process are established. The results of the simulation are consistent with the experimental data. The model can be employed in the calculation of long isomerization chains of complex molecules. The accuracy of the quantitative estimation of the kinetics is determined by the errors in the calculations of the bond energies of the isomers. Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Computation Technologies, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated fromZhurnal Strukturnoi Khimii, Vol. 37, No. 4, pp. 671–681, July–August, 1996. Translated by I. Izvekova     

Polymerization of nitrogen in sodium azide

The high-pressure behavior of nitrogen in NaN(3) was studied to 160 GPa at 120-3300 K using Raman spectroscopy, electrical conductivity, laser heating, and shear deformation methods. Nitrogen in sodium azide is in a molecularlike form; azide ions N(3-) are straight chains of three atoms linked with covalent bonds and weakly interact with each other. By application of high pressures we strongly increased interaction between ions. We found that at pressures above 19 GPa a new phase appeared, indicating a strong coupling between the azide ions. Another transformation occurs at about 50 GPa, accompanied by the appearance of new Raman peaks and a darkening of the sample. With increasing pressure, the sample becomes completely opaque above 120 GPa, and the azide molecular vibron disappears, evidencing completion of the transformation to a nonmolecular nitrogen state with amorphouslike structure which crystallizes after laser heating up to 3300 K. Laser heating and the application of shear stress accelerates the transformation and causes the transformations to occur at lower pressures. These changes can be interpreted in terms of a transformation of the azide ions to larger nitrogen clusters and then polymeric nitrogen net. The polymeric forms can be preserved on decompression in the diamond anvil cell but transform back to the starting azide and other new phases under ambient conditions.     

Reduction of Hg(II) salts in aqueous acidic solutions by SO2

Kinetic studies of the reduction of Hg(II) salts in aqueous acidic solutions by SO₂ in mild conditions have revealed that SO₂ quantitatively reduces Hg(II) to metal in the examined HClO₄ concentration range (2–8M^–1).

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Hg(II) . , HClO₄ (2–8 .^–1) SO₂ Hg(II) .

     

The structure of karakoline

Summary We have isolated from the tubers ofAconitum karakolicum collected in the Kirghiz SSR, Kungei Alatau range, songorine, napelline, a base with mp 159–160°C, and the new alkaloids karakoline and a base with mp 222–224°C.The results of a study of the chemical reactions and spectral characteristics of karakoline have shown that it consists of a lycoctonine skeleton with N-ethyl and C₄-methyl groups, hydroxyls at C₁, C₈, and C₁₀ and a methoxy group at C₁₅.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 199–205, March–April, 1973.     

Heterylimidazoles IV. Homolytic dissociation of hexaaryldimidazolyls and their heterocyclic analogs

The rate constants and activation energies for homolytic dissociation of 2,2-di[ ()-naphthyl]-, 2,2-diquinolinyl-, and 2,2-di(9-acridinyl)-4,4,5,5-tetraphenyldiimidazolyls in toluene in the presence of,-diphenyl--picrylhydrazine were determined. The degrees of dissociation of the diimidazolyls were found. The effect of substituents on the stability of imidazolyl radicals is discussed.See [1] for communication III.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 11, pp. 1536–1539, November, 1974.