一维光子晶体的光学传输特性分析

采用等效F-P腔方法对一维光子晶体进行研究,计算并讨论不同周期数的一维光子晶体对光学传输特性的影响.计算结果表明,一维光子晶体具有光子禁带,表现为对光的高反射率;掺杂的一维光子晶体的光子禁带中央将出现频宽极窄的缺陷态,即光子局域,与复折射率和晶体周期数有密切的关系.所得结果与实验分析一致,证明了方法的有效性和实用性,并为光子晶体的设计提供依据.     

The development of an evaluation method for capture columns used in two-dimensional liquid chromatography

Capture columns are important interface tools for on line two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC). In this study, a systematic method was developed to evaluate and optimize the capture ability of capture columns by off-line method. First, the parameter Δt_R (Δt_R = t₂−t₁−t₀−W) was introduced to quantitatively represent the capture ability of the capture column by connecting a capture column behind the first dimensional column. Based on the value of Δt_R, an appropriate capture column was selected after the first dimensional column was fixed. Then, the capture ability of the selected column was promoted by adjusting the mobile phase of the first dimensional column. Capture ability was also optimized using complex sample analysis software system (CSASS) software. Second, the elution mode of the trapped compounds on the capture column was investigated by connecting the capture column before the second dimensional column. More specifically, in mode I, capture column was connected to the second dimension without changing the flow rate direction and the trapped compounds must pass through the capture column and be eluted into the second dimensional column. The contrary connection mode was mode II. It was found that mode I is more suitable method for 2D-LC. Finally, an off-line reversed-phase/hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography two-dimensional liquid chromatography (RP/HILIC 2D-LC) system with a C18 capture column was developed to demonstrate the practical application of this method.     

Three-Dimensional Graphene/Ag Aerogel for Durable and Stable Li Metal Anodes in Carbonate-Based Electrolytes

The use of Li metal as the anode for Li-based batteries has attracted considerable attention due to its ultrahigh energy density. However, the formation of Li dendrites, uneven deposition, and huge volume changes hinder its reliable implementation. These issues become much more severe in commercial carbonate-based electrolytes than in ether-based electrolytes. Herein, a rationally designed three-dimensional graphene/Ag aerogel (3D G-Ag aerogel) is proposed for Li metal anodes with long cycle life in carbonate-based electrolytes. The modified lithiophilic nature of G-Ag aerogel, realized through decoration with Ag NPs, effectively decreases the energy barrier for Li nucleation, regulating uniform Li deposition behavior. Moreover, the highly flexible, conductive 3D porous architecture with hierarchical mesopores and macropores can readily accommodate deposited Li and ensures the integrity of the conductive network during cycling. Consequently, high coulombic efficiency (over 93.5 %) and a significantly long cycle life (1589 h) over 200 cycles, with a relatively high cycling capacity of 2.0 mAh cm⁻², can easily be achieved, even in a carbonate-based electrolyte. Considering the intrinsic high voltage windows of carbonate-based electrolytes, matching the G-Ag aerogel Li metal anode with a high-voltage cathode can be envisaged for the fabrication of high-energy-density Li secondary batteries.     

“Click dipeptide”: A novel stationary phase applied in two-dimensional liquid chromatography

2D-HPLC is an important technique for the separation of complex samples. Developing new types of stationary phases is of great interest to construct 2D-LC systems with high orthogonality. In this study, a novel stationary phase-Click dipeptide (l-phenylglycine dipeptide) was prepared by immobilization of α-azido l-phenylglycine dipeptide on alkyne-silica via click chemistry. In the preparation of this new material, an efficient, inexpensive and shelf-stable diazo transfer reagent (imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide hydrochloride) was utilized to transfer the amino group of l-phenylglycine to corresponding azido group under mild conditions. The Click dipeptide thus prepared was confirmed by FT-IR, solid state CP/MAS ¹³C NMR and elemental analysis. The Click dipeptide packing showed high orthogonality with C18, which reached 63.5%. An off-line 2D-RP/RPLC system was developed to analyze a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)-Rheum Palmatum L. The results showed high orthogonality between Click dipeptide and C18 as well as great separating power in the practical separation of complex samples.     

Rational Design of an Ionic Liquid‐Based Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity Towards Safe Lithium/Lithium‐Ion Batteries

It is a very urgent and important task to improve the safety and high‐temperature performance of lithium/lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Here, a novel ionic liquid, 1‐(2‐ethoxyethyl)‐1‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (PYR_1(2o2)TFSI), was designed and synthesized, and then mixed with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as appropriate solvent and LiTFSI lithium salt to produce an electrolyte with high ionic conductivity for safe LIBs. Various characterizations and tests show that the highly flexible ether group could markedly reduce the viscosity and provide coordination sites for Li‐ion, and the DMC could reduce the viscosity and effectively enhance the Li‐ion transport rate and transference number. The electrolyte exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in Li/LiFeO₄ cells at room temperature as well as at a high temperature of 60 °C. More importantly, with the addition of DMC, the IL‐based electrolyte remains nonflammable and appropriate DMC can effectively inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites. Our present work may provide an attractive and promising strategy for high performance and safety of both lithium and lithium‐ion batteries.     

Microstructure Manipulation of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)-based Membrane for Efficient Separations

Covalent organic framework(COF) membranes have exhibited great potential to become the next-generation membranes for efficient separations due to the diverse structures, ordered framework pores, tunable functionality and excellent stability. This review presents the microstructure manipulation strategies for separation performance enhancement of COF membranes in recent years. Based on the three mechanisms of molecular sieving, surface diffusion, and facilitated transport, the structural modulation methods to enhance the selectivity of COF membranes are analyzed in detail. Next, strategies of realizing ultrashort mass transfer pathways and ultralow mass transfer resistance for the permeability enhancement are elaborated. Furthermore, the framework stability in COFs, interlayer stability between COF nanosheets and interfacial stability between COF layer and substrate are discussed. Finally, we discuss the existing challenges and perspectives on the future development of COF membranes, targeting at identifying the most promising strategies and directions for the engineering of COF membranes.     

Preparation and evaluation of novel chiral stationary phases based on quinine derivatives comprising crown ether moieties

The C9‐position of quinine was modified by meta‐ or para‐substituted benzo‐18‐crown‐6, and immobilized on 3‐mercaptopropyl‐modified silica gel through the radical thiol‐ene addition reaction. These two chiral stationary phases were evaluated by chiral acids, amino acids, and chiral primary amines. The crown ether moiety on the quinine anion exchanger provided a ligand‐exchange site for primary amino groups, which played an important role in the retention and enantioselectivity for chiral compounds containing primary amine groups. These two stationary phases showed good selectivity for some amino acids. The complex interaction between crown ether and protonated primary amino group was investigated by the addition of inorganic salts such as LiCl, NH₄Cl, NaCl, and KCl to the mobile phase. The resolution results showed that the simultaneous interactions between two function moieties (quinine and crown ether) and amino acids were important for the chiral separation.     

New Characterizations of p-Supersolubility of Finite Groups

Let H be a subgroup of a finite group G. H is said to be λ-supplemented in G if G has a subgroup T such that G = HT and H ∩ T ≤ H _SE , where H _SE denotes the subgroup of H generated by all those subgroups of H, which are S-quasinormally embedded in G. In this article, some results about the λ-supplemented subgroups are obtained, by which we determine the structure of some classes of finite groups. In particular, some new characterizations of p-supersolubility of finite groups are given under the assumption that some primary subgroups are λ-supplemented. As applications, a number of previous known results are generalized.     

Recognizing Finite Groups Through Order and Degree Patterns

The degree pattern of a finite group G associated with its prime graph has been introduced by Moghaddamfar in 2005 and it is proved that the following simple groups are uniquely determined by their order and degree patterns:All sporadic simple groups,the alternating groups Ap(p≥5 is a twin prime)and some simple groups of the Lie type.In this paper,the authors continue this investigation.In particular,the authors show that the symmetric groups Sp+3,where p+2 is a composite number and p+4 is a prime and 97相似文献   

Preparation of a stationary phase with quaternary ammonium embedded group for selective separation of alkaloids based on ion‐exclusion interaction

A stationary phase (named QA C10) with quaternary ammonium embedded between a propyl and a decyl chain was synthesized by immobilization of N,N‐dimethyldecylamine on chloropropyl–silica surface. A set of representative neutral, basic, and acidic compounds was employed to evaluate its chromatographic properties. The results illustrated that QA C10 was a mixed‐mode stationary phase possessing both hydrophobic and ionic characteristics. The QA C10 stationary phase was further used for selective separation of alkaloids from Cortex phellodendri. Under acidic condition, alkaloids could be eluted in first 8 min, while other neutral and acidic fractions were retained better on QA C10 column. Then, obtained alkaloid fraction was analyzed by LC‐MS/MS and 22 alkaloids were identified. Our study confirmed the advantages and application potential of the QA C10 stationary phase for alkaloids separation.